Biology Glossary
227 terms defined — taxonomy, ecology, conservation, and biodiversity.
Ecology 17
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment, including energy flow and nutrient cycling.
Biodiversity
생물다양성
The variety of all living organisms at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels within a given area.
Biome
생물군계
A large-scale biological community characterized by distinct climate patterns, vegetation, and animal life.
Carrying Capacity
환경수용력
The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely given the available resources.
Commensalism
편리공생
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Ecological Footprint
생태발자국
A measure of human demand on Earth's ecosystems expressed as the area of biologically productive land and water required.
Ecosystem
생태계
A community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment as a functional unit, exchanging energy and matter.
Food Chain
먹이사슬
A linear sequence showing the transfer of energy and nutrients from one organism to the next in an ecosystem.
Food Web
먹이그물
A complex network of interconnected food chains that illustrates all feeding relationships within an ecosystem.
Habitat
서식지
The natural environment where an organism lives, providing the food, shelter, and conditions necessary for survival.
Keystone Species
핵심종
A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem relative to its abundance.
Mutualism
상리공생
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the interaction.
Niche
생태적 지위
The role and position a species occupies in its ecosystem, including all interactions with biotic and abiotic factors.
Parasitism
기생
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of the host organism.
Primary Producer
1차 생산자
An organism that produces organic compounds from inorganic substances through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, forming the base of food chains.
Succession
생태천이
The gradual process of change in species composition and community structure over time following a disturbance.
Symbiosis
공생
A close, long-term biological interaction between two different species living in direct contact.
Trophic Level
영양단계
A position in a food chain determined by the number of energy-transfer steps from primary producers.
Evolution 15
The study of how species change over time through natural selection, genetic drift, and other mechanisms.
Adaptation
적응
A heritable trait that increases an organism's fitness in its environment, shaped over generations by natural selection.
Adaptive Radiation
적응방산
The rapid diversification of a single ancestral lineage into many species, each adapted to different ecological niches.
Coevolution
공진화
The reciprocal evolutionary change between interacting species, such as between predators and prey or flowers and pollinators.
Common Ancestor
공통조상
The most recent organism from which two or more species have descended through evolutionary divergence.
Convergent Evolution
수렴진화
The independent evolution of similar features in unrelated species that face similar environmental challenges.
Divergent Evolution
분기진화
The accumulation of differences between closely related populations, often leading to new species.
Fitness
적응도
The relative ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment, passing on its genes.
Gene Flow
유전자 흐름
The transfer of genetic material between separate populations through migration and interbreeding.
Genetic Drift
유전적 부동
Random changes in allele frequencies within a population, most significant in small populations.
Homologous Structure
상동기관
Body parts in different species that share a common evolutionary origin but may serve different functions.
Mutation
돌연변이
A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene that may alter protein function and be passed to offspring.
Natural Selection
자연선택
The process by which organisms with favorable heritable traits survive and reproduce more successfully in a given environment.
Phylogeny
계통발생
The evolutionary history and relationships among a group of organisms, often depicted as a branching tree diagram.
Speciation
종분화
The evolutionary process by which new biological species arise from existing populations through reproductive isolation.
Vestigial Structure
흔적기관
A reduced or functionless body part that was fully developed and functional in an organism's ancestors.
Anatomy & Morphology 15
The study of body structures and physical forms of organisms across the tree of life.
Appendage
부속지
A body part projecting from the main body, such as a limb, wing, fin, or antenna.
Bilateral Symmetry
좌우대칭
A body plan in which the organism can be divided into mirror-image left and right halves along a single plane.
Cartilage
연골
A flexible connective tissue found in joints, the ear, and nose that is softer than bone.
Endoskeleton
내골격
An internal skeleton made of bone or cartilage that supports the body from within, characteristic of vertebrates.
Exoskeleton
외골격
A rigid external covering that provides support and protection, found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans.
Integumentary System
외피계
The organ system forming the outer covering of the body, including skin, scales, feathers, hair, and nails.
Invertebrate
무척추동물
An animal lacking a backbone, comprising approximately 97% of all known animal species.
Ligament
인대
A band of fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones at a joint, providing stability.
Morphology
형태학
The branch of biology dealing with the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
Muscular System
근육계
The organ system responsible for body movement, posture maintenance, and heat generation through muscle contraction.
Radial Symmetry
방사대칭
A body plan in which body parts are arranged symmetrically around a central axis, as seen in jellyfish and starfish.
Skeletal System
골격계
The framework of bones and connective tissue that provides structural support, protection, and movement in vertebrates.
Tendon
힘줄
A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone, transmitting force for movement.
Tissue
조직
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function in an organism.
Vertebrate
척추동물
An animal possessing a backbone or spinal column, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Taxonomy & Classification 15
The science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms into hierarchical groups.
Binomial Nomenclature
이명법
The formal system of naming species using two Latin words: the genus name and specific epithet, such as Homo sapiens.
Clade
분기군
A group consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants, forming a single branch on the tree of life.
Class
강
A taxonomic rank above order and below phylum, grouping related orders of organisms.
Family
과
A taxonomic rank above genus and below order, grouping related genera that share common features.
Genus
속
A taxonomic rank above species, grouping closely related species that share a recent common ancestor.
Holotype
정모식표본
The single physical specimen designated as the name-bearing type when a species is formally described.
Monophyletic Group
단계통군
A group including an ancestor and all of its descendants, reflecting true evolutionary relationships.
Order
목
A taxonomic rank above family and below class, grouping related families of organisms.
Phylum
문
A major taxonomic rank above class and below kingdom, grouping organisms sharing a fundamental body plan.
Polyphyletic Group
다계통군
An artificial group whose members do not share an immediate common ancestor, not reflecting true phylogeny.
Species
종
The fundamental unit of biological classification; a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Subspecies
아종
A taxonomic rank below species designating a geographically or morphologically distinct population.
Synonym
이명
A scientific name that applies to a taxon previously described under a different valid name.
Taxon
분류군
Any named group of organisms at any level in the taxonomic hierarchy, from kingdom to subspecies.
Type Specimen
모식표본
A physical specimen that serves as the reference standard for defining and naming a species.
Conservation Biology 15
The scientific study of preserving biodiversity and protecting endangered species and habitats.
Biodiversity Hotspot
생물다양성 핫스팟
A biogeographic region with at least 1,500 endemic plant species that has lost 70% or more of its original vegetation.
Buffer Zone
완충지대
An area surrounding a protected region that provides additional protection by limiting human activities.
Captive Breeding
포획번식
The breeding of endangered species in controlled environments such as zoos or breeding centers for conservation purposes.
CITES
CITES
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, regulating cross-border trade in wildlife and plants.
Corridor
생태통로
A strip of habitat connecting isolated patches, enabling wildlife movement and maintaining gene flow between populations.
Endangered Species
멸종위기종
A species facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild, classified as EN on the IUCN Red List.
Ex Situ Conservation
이주보전
Conservation efforts conducted outside an organism's natural habitat, including zoos, botanical gardens, and seed banks.
Extinct
멸종
A species with no living individuals remaining anywhere on Earth, classified as EX on the IUCN Red List.
Fragmentation
서식지 단편화
The breaking of large, continuous habitats into smaller, isolated patches, reducing species movement and gene flow.
Habitat Loss
서식지 파괴
The destruction or degradation of natural habitats, recognized as the primary driver of species extinction worldwide.
In Situ Conservation
현지보전
Conservation of species within their natural habitat through protected areas and sustainable management practices.
IUCN Red List
IUCN 적색목록
The world's most comprehensive inventory assessing the conservation status of plant and animal species.
Poaching
밀렵
The illegal hunting, capturing, or killing of wildlife, often driven by trade in animal parts or exotic pets.
Protected Area
보호지역
A clearly defined geographical space managed for the long-term conservation of nature and ecosystem services.
Reintroduction
재도입
The deliberate release of captive-bred or translocated organisms into their historical or suitable natural habitat.
Genetics 15
The study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms.
Allele
대립유전자
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and occupy the same locus on …
Chromosome
염색체
A thread-like structure of tightly coiled DNA and proteins found in the nucleus, carrying genetic information.
DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the double-helix molecule that carries the genetic instructions for development and function in all living organisms.
Dominant
우성
A trait or allele that is expressed in the phenotype when at least one copy is present in the genotype.
Epigenetics
후성유전학
The study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations to the underlying DNA sequence.
Gene
유전자
A segment of DNA that encodes a functional product, typically a protein or regulatory RNA molecule.
Genetic Code
유전암호
The set of rules by which information encoded in DNA or RNA sequences is translated into proteins.
Genome
유전체
The complete set of genetic material in an organism, including all genes and non-coding DNA sequences.
Genotype
유전자형
The complete set of genes or genetic constitution of an organism, determining its potential characteristics.
Heredity
유전
The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genetic information encoded in DNA.
Phenotype
표현형
The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of genotype and environment.
Recessive
열성
A trait or allele that is expressed in the phenotype only when two copies are present in a homozygous individual.
RNA
RNA
Ribonucleic acid, a molecule involved in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
Transcription
전사
The process of copying a segment of DNA into messenger RNA, the first step in gene expression.
Translation
번역
The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in messenger RNA.
Animal Behavior 15
The scientific study of how animals interact with each other and their environments.
Aposematism
경고색
Warning coloration or signals displayed by an organism to advertise its toxicity or unpalatability to predators.
Camouflage
위장
Physical or behavioral adaptations that allow an organism to blend with its surroundings to avoid detection.
Courtship
구애
Ritualized behavioral displays performed by animals to attract a mate and facilitate successful reproduction.
Diurnal
주행성
Describing animals that are primarily active during daylight hours and rest at night.
Echolocation
반향위치결정
A biological sonar system used by bats and dolphins to navigate and locate prey by emitting sound waves and interpreting …
Hibernation
동면
A state of prolonged inactivity and reduced metabolism that allows animals to survive cold winter conditions.
Imprinting
각인
A rapid, irreversible learning process during a critical early period in which a young animal forms attachments.
Instinct
본능
An innate, fixed pattern of behavior that occurs in response to specific stimuli without prior learning or experience.
Migration
이동(이주)
The seasonal, large-scale movement of animals between breeding and wintering grounds or feeding areas.
Mimicry
의태
The resemblance of one organism to another or to a natural object, providing protection from predators or aiding in predation.
Nocturnal
야행성
Describing animals that are primarily active during nighttime and rest during daylight hours.
Pack Behavior
무리행동
Cooperative social behavior in group-living animals, including coordinated hunting and collective defense.
Pheromone
페로몬
A chemical substance released by an animal that triggers a social or behavioral response in members of the same species.
Social Hierarchy
사회적 위계
A ranking system within an animal group that determines access to resources, mates, and social status.
Territoriality
영역성
The behavior of defending a specific geographic area against other individuals, usually of the same species.
Marine Biology 15
The study of organisms in saltwater environments, from coastal shores to the deep ocean.
Abyssal Zone
심해대
The deep ocean zone from 4,000 to 6,000 meters depth, characterized by near-freezing temperatures and total darkness.
Benthos
저서생물
Organisms living on or in the bottom sediments of aquatic environments, from shallow shores to the deep ocean.
Bioluminescence
생물발광
The production and emission of light by living organisms through internal chemical reactions.
Coral Reef
산호초
An underwater ecosystem built by colonies of calcium carbonate-secreting coral polyps, supporting extraordinary marine biodiversity.
Estuary
하구
A partially enclosed coastal body of water where freshwater from rivers mixes with saltwater from the ocean.
Kelp Forest
켈프숲
Underwater ecosystems dominated by dense stands of large brown algae, providing habitat for diverse marine life.
Mangrove
맹그로브
Tropical trees and shrubs adapted to grow in coastal saline water, forming critical nursery habitats for marine species.
Marine Snow
해양설
A shower of organic particles falling from upper waters to the deep ocean, providing food for deep-sea organisms.
Nekton
유영생물
Aquatic organisms capable of swimming actively against currents, including fish, marine mammals, and squid.
Pelagic Zone
원양대
The open water column of the ocean, extending from the surface to just above the seafloor.
Photic Zone
유광대
The upper layer of the ocean where sufficient sunlight penetrates to support photosynthesis, typically the top 200 meters.
Plankton
플랑크톤
Microscopic organisms that drift in water columns, forming the foundation of aquatic food chains.
Salinity
염분
The concentration of dissolved salts in water, a critical factor influencing the distribution of marine organisms.
Thermocline
수온약층
A layer in the ocean where temperature changes rapidly with depth, separating warm surface water from cold deep water.
Upwelling
용승
The rising of cold, nutrient-rich water from the deep ocean to the surface, fueling high biological productivity.
Botany 15
The scientific study of plants, including their structure, growth, reproduction, and ecology.
Bryophyte
선태식물
A non-vascular plant such as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts that lacks true roots, stems, or leaves.
Chlorophyll
엽록소
The green pigment found in chloroplasts that captures light energy to drive photosynthesis in plants and algae.
Flower Anatomy
꽃 해부학
The structural components of a flower including sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils involved in reproduction.
Germination
발아
The process by which a seed begins to sprout and develop into a new plant under favorable conditions.
Leaf Structure
잎 구조
The arrangement of tissues in a leaf, including the epidermis, mesophyll, and vascular bundles, optimized for photosynthesis.
Phloem
체관
Vascular tissue that transports sugars and other organic compounds from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Photosynthesis
광합성
The process by which plants convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen using chlorophyll.
Pollination
수분
The transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma of a flower, enabling fertilization.
Root System
뿌리체계
The underground network of roots that anchors a plant, absorbs water and minerals, and stores nutrients.
Seed Dispersal
종자 산포
The movement of seeds away from the parent plant by wind, water, animals, or mechanical ejection.
Stomata
기공
Microscopic pores on leaf surfaces that regulate gas exchange and water vapor release during transpiration.
Transpiration
증산작용
The evaporation of water from plant leaves through stomata, creating a pulling force that draws water up from roots.
Tropism
굴성
A growth response in which a plant grows toward or away from a stimulus such as light, gravity, or water.
Vascular Plant
관다발식물
A plant possessing specialized conducting tissues (xylem and phloem) for transporting water, minerals, and sugars.
Xylem
물관
Vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots upward to leaves and other plant parts.
Microbiology 15
The study of microscopic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists.
Antibiotic
항생제
A substance that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria, used to treat bacterial infections.
Archaea
고세균
A domain of single-celled prokaryotes genetically distinct from bacteria, often found in extreme environments.
Bacteria
세균
Single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms found in nearly every habitat on Earth, with diverse metabolic capabilities.
Bacteriophage
박테리오파지
A virus that specifically infects and replicates within bacteria, playing a key role in microbial ecology.
Binary Fission
이분법
A form of asexual reproduction in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Biofilm
생물막
A structured community of microorganisms attached to a surface and enclosed in a self-produced protective matrix.
Culture Medium
배지
A nutrient mixture used in laboratories to grow and maintain microorganisms under controlled conditions.
Extremophile
극한생물
An organism that thrives under extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature, acidity, or pressure.
Fermentation
발효
An anaerobic metabolic process in which microorganisms convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol.
Fungus
균류
A kingdom of eukaryotic organisms including mushrooms, yeasts, and molds that decompose organic matter and recycle nutrients.
Microbiome
미생물군집
The community of microorganisms inhabiting a particular environment, such as the human gut or soil.
Pathogen
병원체
A microorganism capable of causing disease in its host, including certain bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Prion
프리온
A misfolded protein that can induce other normal proteins to misfold, causing fatal neurodegenerative diseases.
Protozoa
원생동물
Single-celled eukaryotic organisms that feed on organic matter, playing key roles in nutrient cycling and food webs.
Virus
바이러스
A submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of a host organism.
Paleontology 15
The study of ancient life through fossils, tracing the history of life on Earth.
Amber
호박
Fossilized tree resin that can preserve ancient organisms in remarkable three-dimensional detail.
Cambrian Explosion
캄브리아기 대폭발
The rapid diversification of complex animal life approximately 540 million years ago, producing most major animal phyla.
Coprolite
분석
Fossilized feces that provide information about the diet and behavior of ancient organisms.
Dinosaur
공룡
A diverse group of reptiles that dominated terrestrial ecosystems for over 160 million years during the Mesozoic Era.
Fossil
화석
The preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms found in sedimentary rock, amber, or other geological deposits.
Geological Time Scale
지질연대표
The chronological framework dividing Earth's 4.6-billion-year history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs.
Index Fossil
표준화석
A fossil of an organism that lived during a limited, well-known time period, used to date the rock in which …
Living Fossil
살아있는 화석
A species that has remained virtually unchanged for millions of years and closely resembles its fossil ancestors.
Mass Extinction
대멸종
A widespread event in which a significant proportion of all species on Earth become extinct in a geologically short period.
Paleobotany
고식물학
The branch of paleontology devoted to the study of ancient plants through their fossil remains.
Petrification
석화
The process by which organic material is gradually replaced by minerals, turning remains into stone.
Stratigraphy
층서학
The study of rock layers and layering to determine the relative ages of fossils and geological events.
Taphonomy
화석화학
The study of how organisms decay, become fossilized, and are preserved in the geological record.
Trace Fossil
생흔화석
Preserved evidence of biological activity such as footprints, burrows, or feeding marks rather than body parts.
Trilobite
삼엽충
An extinct group of marine arthropods that thrived for over 270 million years, serving as important index fossils.
Biogeography 15
The study of the geographic distribution of species across space and through time.
Allopatric
이소적
Describing populations or species that occupy separate, non-overlapping geographic areas.
Biotic Province
생물구
A geographic region defined by a characteristic assemblage of species with shared evolutionary history.
Continental Drift
대륙이동
The gradual movement of continents across Earth's surface over geological time, influencing species distribution and evolution.
Dispersal
분산
The movement of organisms away from their place of origin to new areas, expanding their geographic range.
Distribution
분포
The spatial arrangement or geographic occurrence pattern of a species across a landscape or region.
Endemic Species
고유종
A species found naturally only in a specific geographic region and nowhere else on Earth.
Invasive Species
침입종
A non-native organism whose introduction to a new area causes ecological or economic harm.
Island Biogeography
섬 생물지리학
The study of species distribution on islands, relating biodiversity to island size, isolation, and immigration rates.
Phytogeography
식물지리학
The branch of biogeography concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and vegetation types.
Range
분포범위
The geographic area within which a species can be found under natural conditions.
Refugium
피난처
A geographic area where organisms survived periods of unfavorable conditions, such as glaciations.
Sympatric
동소적
Describing populations or species that occupy the same geographic area and can potentially interact.
Vicariance
분단분포
The separation of a population into geographically isolated groups by a physical barrier, leading to independent evolution.
Wallace Line
월리스선
A biogeographic boundary running through Southeast Asia that separates the distinct fauna of Asia and Australasia.
Zoogeography
동물지리학
The branch of biogeography dealing with the geographic distribution of animal species.
Entomology 15
The scientific study of insects, the most diverse group of animals on Earth.
Antenna
더듬이
A paired sensory appendage on the head of insects used to detect chemicals, air currents, and vibrations.
Chitin
키틴
A tough, flexible polysaccharide that forms the main component of insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls.
Colony
군체
A group of social insects living together cooperatively, often with specialized castes for reproduction and labor.
Compound Eye
겹눈
An eye consisting of numerous small visual units called ommatidia, providing insects with a wide field of vision.
Diapause
휴면
A period of suspended development in insects triggered by environmental conditions, allowing survival through unfavorable seasons.
Eusociality
진사회성
The highest level of social organization in insects, featuring cooperative brood care, overlapping generations, and reproductive division of labor.
Exoskeleton (Insect)
외골격(곤충)
The hard external covering of an insect composed of chitin, providing protection and muscle attachment points.
Hemolymph
혈림프
The circulatory fluid of insects that bathes organs directly, analogous to blood in vertebrates.
Larvae
유충
The immature, worm-like feeding stage of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis.
Metamorphosis
변태
A biological process of dramatic physical transformation in an insect's body structure during its life cycle.
Pollinator
수분매개자
An animal, especially an insect, that transfers pollen between flowers, enabling plant reproduction.
Proboscis
주둥이
An elongated, tubular mouthpart used by some insects for feeding on nectar, blood, or other liquids.
Pupa
번데기
The non-feeding stage between larva and adult in insects undergoing complete metamorphosis, during which tissues are reorganized.
Social Insect
사회성 곤충
An insect that lives in organized colonies with division of labor, such as ants, bees, wasps, and termites.
Spiracle
기문
A small opening on the body surface of insects through which air enters the tracheal respiratory system.
Ornithology 15
The scientific study of birds, including their biology, behavior, and conservation.
Altricial
만숙성
Describing bird chicks that are helpless at hatching, requiring extended parental care for feeding and warmth.
Brood Parasitism
탁란
A reproductive strategy in which a bird lays its eggs in the nest of another species, which raises the young.
Clutch Size
한배 산란수
The number of eggs laid by a bird in a single nesting attempt, varying among species and environmental conditions.
Fledgling
이소 새끼
A young bird that has developed enough feathers to leave the nest but may still depend on parental care.
Flyway
이동통로
A broad corridor of bird migration used by large numbers of species traveling between breeding and non-breeding areas.
Migration Route
이동경로
The specific path followed by migratory birds between their breeding and wintering grounds.
Molt
털갈이
The periodic shedding and regrowth of feathers in birds, necessary for maintaining flight capability and appearance.
Nestling
둥지새끼
A young bird that has not yet left the nest and is still being fed and cared for by its …
Passerine
참새목
A member of the order Passeriformes, the largest order of birds, commonly known as perching birds or songbirds.
Plumage
깃털
The complete covering of feathers on a bird, serving functions in flight, insulation, display, and camouflage.
Precocial
조숙성
Describing bird chicks that are relatively mature and mobile from hatching, capable of feeding themselves shortly after birth.
Raptor
맹금류
A predatory bird with keen eyesight, strong talons, and a hooked beak, including eagles, hawks, and owls.
Rookery
번식지
A breeding colony of birds, particularly colonial-nesting species such as herons, penguins, or rooks.
Song Learning
노래 학습
The process by which young birds learn their species-specific vocalizations, often from adult tutors during a sensitive period.
Waterfowl
물새
Birds that are ecologically dependent on wetlands, including ducks, geese, and swans of the order Anseriformes.
Herpetology 15
The study of reptiles and amphibians, including their biology, ecology, and evolution.
Aestivation
하면
A state of dormancy entered by some reptiles and amphibians during hot, dry periods to conserve water and energy.
Amphibian
양서류
A class of vertebrates that typically begin life as aquatic larvae with gills and metamorphose into air-breathing adults.
Amphibian Metamorphosis
양서류 변태
The transformation of aquatic larvae such as tadpoles into terrestrial adults, involving the development of lungs and limbs.
Brumation
겨울잠(파충류)
A period of dormancy in reptiles and amphibians during cold months, similar to hibernation in mammals.
Carapace
등딱지
The dorsal (upper) part of a turtle's or tortoise's shell, composed of fused bony plates and keratinous scutes.
Cloaca
총배설강
A single posterior opening in reptiles and amphibians serving as the exit for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
Constriction
조임
A predatory method used by some snakes to subdue prey by coiling tightly around it, restricting breathing.
Dewlap
목부채
A flap of skin extending from the throat of some lizards, used in territorial displays and courtship signaling.
Ectotherm
외온동물
An organism that relies on external heat sources to regulate its body temperature, including most reptiles and amphibians.
Hemipenis
반음경
One of a pair of intromittent organs found in male squamate reptiles, used alternately during mating.
Plastron
배딱지
The ventral (lower) part of a turtle's shell, providing protection to the underside of the body.
Regeneration
재생
The ability of some amphibians, particularly salamanders, to regrow lost body parts such as limbs or tails.
Reptile
파충류
A class of air-breathing, cold-blooded vertebrates with scaly skin, including snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodilians.
Scale
비늘
A small, rigid plate forming part of a reptile's skin, providing protection and reducing water loss.
Venom
독(독액)
A toxic substance injected through a bite or sting, used by some reptiles for prey capture and defense.