Coral Reef
산호초
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="coral-reef"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
An underwater ecosystem built by colonies of calcium carbonate-secreting coral polyps, supporting extraordinary marine biodiversity.
Detailed Explanation
Coral reefs cover less than 0.1% of the ocean floor but support an estimated 25% of all marine species. The reef structure is built by coral polyps' calcium carbonate skeletons accumulating over thousands of years. Coral bleaching — triggered when water temperature rises just 1-2°C above average — expels the symbiotic zooxanthellae algae that provide 90% of corals' energy. Half of the world's shallow coral reefs have been lost since 1950.