Photosynthesis
광합성
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="photosynthesis"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
The process by which plants convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen using chlorophyll.
Detailed Explanation
Photosynthesis has two stages: light-dependent reactions in the thylakoid membrane capture energy and produce ATP and NADPH; the Calvin cycle in the stroma uses this energy to fix CO₂ into sugars. C4 and CAM photosynthesis are evolved variants that reduce photorespiration in hot, dry conditions — corn and sugarcane use C4; cacti use CAM. Oxygenic photosynthesis transformed Earth's atmosphere approximately 2.4 billion years ago.