Culture Medium
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="culture-medium"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
A nutrient mixture used in laboratories to grow and maintain microorganisms under controlled conditions.
Detailed Explanation
Culture media are precisely formulated to mimic the chemical environment organisms require — pH, salinity, carbon sources, vitamins, and growth factors. Selective media contain agents that inhibit all but the target organism; differential media contain indicators that reveal metabolic properties. Only 1-10% of environmental microorganisms can be cultured by standard techniques — the "great plate count anomaly" — driving the development of metagenomic methods to study unculturable microbial diversity.