Genetic Drift
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="genetic-drift"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
Random changes in allele frequencies within a population, most significant in small populations.
Detailed Explanation
Two famous genetic drift effects are the bottleneck effect — when a population is drastically reduced and rebuilds from few survivors — and the founder effect, when a small group colonizes a new area. Cheetahs show extreme genetic homogeneity from a historical bottleneck, making them vulnerable to disease. Drift can fix harmful alleles and eliminate beneficial ones, reducing long-term evolutionary potential.