Adaptive Radiation
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="adaptive-radiation"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
The rapid diversification of a single ancestral lineage into many species, each adapted to different ecological niches.
Detailed Explanation
Adaptive radiation is triggered by ecological opportunity — colonizing an island or continent with vacant niches, or a key innovation that opens new resources. Hawaiian honeycreepers radiated from a single finch ancestor into over 50 species exploiting different food sources. After the dinosaur extinction, mammals underwent explosive adaptive radiation, filling ecological roles left vacant by the mass extinction.