Convergent Evolution
수렴진화
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Definition
The independent evolution of similar features in unrelated species that face similar environmental challenges.
Detailed Explanation
Convergent evolution is powerful evidence that natural selection is predictable — similar environmental pressures produce similar solutions independently. Dolphins (mammals) and sharks (fish) both evolved streamlined torpedo-shaped bodies for fast aquatic predation. Echolocation evolved separately in bats and toothed whales. These parallels show that evolution is constrained by physics, chemistry, and ecological opportunity.