Emperor Penguin vs southern elder

Aptenodytes forsteri compared with Sambucus australis

Key Differences

• Emperor Penguin is Near Threatened while southern elder is Not Evaluated.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Emperor Penguin	southern elder
Kingdom	Animalia (Animals)	Plantae (Plants)
Phylum	Chordata (Chordates)	Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plants)
Class	Aves (Birds)	Magnoliopsida (Dicots)
Order	Sphenisciformes (Penguins)	Dipsacales (Dipsacales)
Family	Spheniscidae (Penguins)	Viburnaceae
Genus	Aptenodytes (Great Penguins)	Sambucus
Species	Aptenodytes forsteri	Sambucus australis

Conservation Status

Emperor Penguin

NT — Near Threatened

Population: ~595.0K

Trend: Stable →

southern elder

NE — Not Evaluated

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Emperor Penguin	southern elder
Diet	Carnivore	—
Average Lifespan	20 years	—
Average Length	1.1 m	—
Average Weight	40.0 kg	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Emperor Penguin

Habitat

Found across multiple habitat types including temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, temperate coniferous forests, and boreal forests and taiga, among 4 distinct biome types within the Palearctic biogeographic realm. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Range

Found in Norway. Listed as Near Threatened, this species requires ongoing monitoring to prevent population decline.

southern elder

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial habitats from tropical forests to temperate regions.

Range

Found in Brazil.

Emperor Penguin

The world's largest penguin, emperor penguins stand up to 1.2 meters and weigh 45 kg, inhabiting the Antarctic continent in some of the most extreme conditions on Earth. They breed in midwinter darkness at temperatures below -60°C, with males incubating single eggs on their feet under a brood pouch for 65 days while females are at sea. Their huddling behavior — cycling individuals through the warm center of thousands-strong groups — is a masterclass in cooperative survival.