Genetic Code
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="genetic-code"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
The set of rules by which information encoded in DNA or RNA sequences is translated into proteins.
Detailed Explanation
The genetic code is nearly universal across all life — a codon for phenylalanine in bacteria codes for phenylalanine in humans. This universality is powerful evidence for the common ancestry of all life. The code is redundant: multiple codons specify the same amino acid, buffering against the effects of some mutations. Only a handful of minor variants exist, in certain mitochondria and microorganisms.