Gene
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="gene"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
A segment of DNA that encodes a functional product, typically a protein or regulatory RNA molecule.
Detailed Explanation
The human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes, occupying only about 2% of total DNA. The remaining 98% — once dismissed as "junk DNA" — includes regulatory sequences, transposable elements, and structural regions critical for gene expression. Gene function is often context-dependent: the same gene can promote growth in one tissue and trigger cell death in another, depending on regulatory signals.