Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves

The Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves is a mangroves ecoregion located in the Neotropic biogeographic realm, covering Central and South America, the Caribbean, and southern portions of Mexico, spanning approximately 40,894 km². Classified under the WWF ecoregion code NT14611, this region represents a distinct ecological community shaped by its unique combination of climate, geography, and evolutionary history.

Climate and Vegetation

This ecoregion experiences tropical to subtropical coastal zones with brackish water and tidal influence. The dominant vegetation consists of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs with specialised root systems. These conditions create the foundation for the ecological communities found within the Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves.

Ecological Significance

Mangrove forests protect coastlines from erosion and storms, serve as nurseries for commercial fish species, and sequester carbon at rates exceeding most terrestrial forests per unit area. The Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves contributes to the broader biodiversity patterns of the Neotropic realm.

Conservation

Like many mangroves ecosystems, the Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves faces threats from coastal development, aquaculture expansion, sea-level rise, and pollution. Conservation efforts in this ecoregion focus on habitat preservation, sustainable land management, and protecting corridors that connect fragmented habitat patches.