Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Evolution & Adaptation
1859
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Discoverers: Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace
Overview
The theory that species evolve over time through natural selection, where organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully.
Significance
Provided the unifying framework for all of biology, explaining the diversity and adaptation of life on Earth without invoking supernatural design.
Methodology
Twenty years of observations during the HMS Beagle voyage, study of finches, barnacles, and domestic breeding, culminating in On the Origin of Species.
Impact
- Unified biology under a single explanatory framework
- Inspired fields from ecology to medicine
- Predicted the existence of hereditary particles