Common Sunda Toad vs Flat-headed Kusimanse

Duttaphrynus melanostictus compared with Crossarchus platycephalus

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Common Sunda Toad	Flat-headed Kusimanse
Kingdom same	Animalia (Animals)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum same	Chordata (Chordates)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Amphibia (Amphibians)	Mammalia (Mammals)
Order	Anura (Frogs & Toads)	Carnivora (Carnivorans)
Family	Bufonidae	Herpestidae
Genus	Duttaphrynus	Crossarchus
Species	Duttaphrynus melanostictus	Crossarchus platycephalus

Evolutionary Relationship

Common Sunda Toad and Flat-headed Kusimanse share a common ancestor at the Phylum level: Chordata. (Chordates)

Conservation Status

Common Sunda Toad

LC — Least Concern

Flat-headed Kusimanse

LC — Least Concern

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Common Sunda Toad	Flat-headed Kusimanse
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Common Sunda Toad

Habitat

Typically found in freshwater habitats, moist forests, and wetlands.

Range

Widely distributed across Africa (Madagascar), Asia (4 countries), and Europe (Spain).

Flat-headed Kusimanse

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Common Sunda Toad

<em>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</em>, the common Sunda toad, is an amphibian in the family Bufonidae, order Anura. It has a wide natural distribution across South and Southeast Asia, ranging from Pakistan and India through to southern China, the Malay Peninsula, and the Indonesian archipelago, and has also been introduced to Madagascar. The species typically inhabits a broad range of environments including urban areas, agricultural land, forest edges, gardens, and disturbed habitats, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to human-modified landscapes. <em>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</em> is characterized by prominent parotoid glands behind the eyes that secrete toxic compounds serving as a defense against predators, a feature shared with other true toads. It is an opportunistic carnivore, feeding on a variety of invertebrates including insects, worms, and small arthropods. Biological traits including average lifespan under natural conditions, typical body measurements, and specific breeding parameters remain poorly documented. The species is assessed as Least Concern by the IUCN, reflecting its extensive range and high tolerance for habitat modification, though introduced populations in Madagascar represent a potentially invasive concern.