Common Spruce Bell vs Four-toed Hedgehog

Epinotia tedella compared with Atelerix albiventris

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Common Spruce Bell	Four-toed Hedgehog
Kingdom same	Animalia (Animals)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum	Arthropoda (Arthropods)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Insecta (Insects)	Mammalia (Mammals)
Order	Lepidoptera (Butterflies & Moths)	Erinaceomorpha (Erinaceomorpha)
Family	Tortricidae	Erinaceidae
Genus	Epinotia	Atelerix
Species	Epinotia tedella	Atelerix albiventris

Evolutionary Relationship

Common Spruce Bell and Four-toed Hedgehog share a common ancestor at the Kingdom level: Animalia. (Animals)

Conservation Status

Common Spruce Bell

LC — Least Concern

Four-toed Hedgehog

LC — Least Concern

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Common Spruce Bell	Four-toed Hedgehog
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Common Spruce Bell

Habitat

Typically found in virtually all terrestrial and freshwater habitats.

Range

Distributed across Belgium, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Four-toed Hedgehog

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Range

Distributed across Ecuador and Spain.

Common Spruce Bell

<em>Epinotia tedella</em>, commonly known as the common spruce bell, is a small tortrix moth in the family Tortricidae, distributed across Europe wherever its primary host plant, <em>Picea abies</em> (Norway spruce), occurs. This species typically inhabits spruce forests, forest plantations, and woodland edges with significant spruce components, from lowland areas to montane elevations throughout much of the European continent. Its geographic range extends from Scandinavia and the British Isles south through central and eastern Europe, broadly following the distribution of its conifer hosts. Classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, <em>Epinotia tedella</em> maintains stable populations across its range and is not considered threatened. The larvae feed internally within the needles of <em>Picea</em> species, mining leaf tissue and occasionally causing noticeable damage during outbreak years in plantation forestry. Adults are small moths with a wingspan of approximately 12–16 mm, displaying forewing patterns of brownish-grey with silvery strigulae typical of the genus. The species produces one generation per year, with adults flying from late spring to midsummer. Biological traits such as average lifespan in years, precise body weight, and detailed population dynamics remain poorly documented for this minor forestry pest. Diet consists primarily of Norway spruce needle tissue during the larval stage.