Common Seal vs Cup Lichen

Phoca vitulina compared with Cladonia peziziformis

Key Differences

Common Seal is Near Threatened while Cup Lichen is Endangered.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Common Seal	Cup Lichen
Kingdom	Animalia (Animals)	Fungi (Fungi)
Phylum	Chordata (Chordates)	Ascomycota (Sac Fungi)
Class	Mammalia (Mammals)	Lecanoromycetes (Lecanoromycetes)
Order	Pinnipedia (Seals & Sea Lions)	Lecanorales (Lecanorales)
Family	Phocidae (True Seals)	Cladoniaceae
Genus	Phoca (Harbor Seals)	Cladonia
Species	Phoca vitulina	Cladonia peziziformis

Conservation Status

Common Seal

NT — Near Threatened

Population: ~500.0K

Trend: Stable →

Cup Lichen

EN — Endangered

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Common Seal	Cup Lichen
Diet	Carnivore	—
Average Lifespan	30 years	—
Average Length	1.7 m	—
Average Weight	80.0 kg	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Common Seal

Habitat

Typically found in diverse ecosystems where prey species are available.

Range

Found across Europe (7 countries) and North America (United States). Listed as Near Threatened, this species requires ongoing monitoring to prevent population decline.

Cup Lichen

Habitat

Native to Europe and North America and South America, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Widely distributed across Europe (Norway, Portugal, Sweden), North America (United States), and South America (Brazil, Colombia). Currently classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

Common Seal

The most widely distributed pinniped, harbor seals inhabit temperate and subarctic coastal waters of both the North Atlantic and North Pacific. Adults reach up to 130 kg and spend roughly equal time at sea hunting fish, squid, and crustaceans and hauling out on beaches or rocks to rest. Their large, expressive eyes are adapted for underwater vision in low light. Harbor seals are a critical food source for orcas, sharks, and polar bears.