Common ray vs Ornate Flying Fox

Telatrygon biasa compared with Pteropus ornatus

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Common ray	Ornate Flying Fox
Kingdom same	Animalia (Animals)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum same	Chordata (Chordates)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Elasmobranchii	Mammalia (Mammals)
Order	Myliobatiformes (Myliobatiformes)	Chiroptera (Bats)
Family	Dasyatidae	Pteropodidae (Fruit Bats)
Genus	Telatrygon	Pteropus (Flying Foxes)
Species	Telatrygon biasa	Pteropus ornatus

Evolutionary Relationship

Common ray and Ornate Flying Fox share a common ancestor at the Phylum level: Chordata. (Chordates)

Conservation Status

Common ray

VU — Vulnerable

Ornate Flying Fox

VU — Vulnerable

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Common ray	Ornate Flying Fox
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Common ray

Ornate Flying Fox

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Common ray

<em>Telatrygon biasa</em>, the common ray, is a cartilaginous fish in the family Dasyatidae, order Myliobatiformes, belonging to the broader class Chondrichthyes. The species is assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, indicating elevated concern over population viability. Common rays are demersal elasmobranchs typically found in shallow coastal and inshore marine habitats, resting on sandy or muddy substrates. Like other dasyatid stingrays, <em>Telatrygon biasa</em> typically feeds on benthic invertebrates including crustaceans, mollusks, and worms, which it detects using electroreceptive ampullae of Lorenzini. It typically moves by undulating its broad pectoral disc, a hallmark locomotion style of stingrays. The vulnerable status of this species likely reflects pressures from bycatch in coastal fisheries and habitat degradation, which are common threats for inshore ray species across the Indo-Pacific region. Biological traits such as lifespan, precise body measurements, and detailed diet composition remain poorly documented for this taxon, and further field research is needed to characterize population structure and reproductive ecology. Conservation measures targeting bycatch reduction in artisanal and commercial fisheries would benefit this species.