Common ray vs Indian muntjac

Telatrygon biasa compared with Muntiacus muntjak

Key Differences

• Common ray is Vulnerable while Indian muntjac is Least Concern.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Common ray	Indian muntjac
Kingdom same	Animalia (Animals)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum same	Chordata (Chordates)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Elasmobranchii	Mammalia (Mammals)
Order	Myliobatiformes (Myliobatiformes)	Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates)
Family	Dasyatidae	Cervidae (Deer)
Genus	Telatrygon	Muntiacus
Species	Telatrygon biasa	Muntiacus muntjak

Evolutionary Relationship

Common ray and Indian muntjac share a common ancestor at the Phylum level: Chordata. (Chordates)

Conservation Status

Common ray

VU — Vulnerable

Indian muntjac

LC — Least Concern

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Common ray	Indian muntjac
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Common ray

Indian muntjac

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Range

Distributed across Belgium, France, Netherlands, Norway, and United Kingdom.

Common ray

<em>Telatrygon biasa</em>, the common ray, is a cartilaginous fish in the family Dasyatidae, order Myliobatiformes, belonging to the broader class Chondrichthyes. The species is assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, indicating elevated concern over population viability. Common rays are demersal elasmobranchs typically found in shallow coastal and inshore marine habitats, resting on sandy or muddy substrates. Like other dasyatid stingrays, <em>Telatrygon biasa</em> typically feeds on benthic invertebrates including crustaceans, mollusks, and worms, which it detects using electroreceptive ampullae of Lorenzini. It typically moves by undulating its broad pectoral disc, a hallmark locomotion style of stingrays. The vulnerable status of this species likely reflects pressures from bycatch in coastal fisheries and habitat degradation, which are common threats for inshore ray species across the Indo-Pacific region. Biological traits such as lifespan, precise body measurements, and detailed diet composition remain poorly documented for this taxon, and further field research is needed to characterize population structure and reproductive ecology. Conservation measures targeting bycatch reduction in artisanal and commercial fisheries would benefit this species.