common bubble snail vs Common Extinguisher-moss

Akera bullata compared with Encalypta vulgaris

Key Differences

• common bubble snail is Least Concern while Common Extinguisher-moss is Vulnerable.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	common bubble snail	Common Extinguisher-moss
Kingdom	Animalia (Animals)	Plantae (Plants)
Phylum	Mollusca (Mollusks)	Bryophyta
Class	Gastropoda (Gastropoda)	Bryopsida (Bryopsida)
Order	Aplysiida (Aplysiida)	Encalyptales (Encalyptales)
Family	Akeridae	Encalyptaceae
Genus	Akera	Encalypta
Species	Akera bullata	Encalypta vulgaris

Conservation Status

common bubble snail

LC — Least Concern

Common Extinguisher-moss

VU — Vulnerable

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	common bubble snail	Common Extinguisher-moss
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

common bubble snail

Habitat

Typically found in terrestrial and aquatic habitats including forests and freshwater.

Range

Distributed across Denmark, Norway, Portugal, and Sweden.

Common Extinguisher-moss

Habitat

Native to Europe, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Found across Europe (6 countries). Currently classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

common bubble snail

The common bubble snail (<em>Akera bullata</em>) is a marine gastropod mollusc found in the coastal waters of Denmark, Norway, Portugal, and Sweden. This species typically inhabits terrestrial and aquatic environments including forests and freshwater-adjacent marine areas, often occurring in shallow subtidal and intertidal zones of temperate European seas. It is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. As a member of the family Akeridae, the common bubble snail is characterized by its thin, fragile shell and its ability to swim briefly by flapping its large, wing-like parapodia. The species often forages on algae and detritus in sandy and muddy seafloor habitats, particularly in sheltered bays and estuaries. The common bubble snail typically aggregates in large numbers during the spawning season, producing gelatinous egg masses. Biological traits of this species remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.

Common Extinguisher-moss

<em>Encalypta vulgaris</em>, the common extinguisher moss, is a acrocarpous moss in the family Encalyptaceae, classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List, indicating a concerning decline in populations across parts of its European range. The species is documented in Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Norway, and Portugal, where it is native to European calcareous habitats. <em>Encalypta vulgaris</em> typically grows on dry to moist calcareous rocks, soil banks, old walls, and disturbed ground with base-rich substrates, often in open or semi-shaded microhabitats. The common name refers to the distinctive elongated calyptra, a cap-like structure that covers the developing sporophyte and resembles an old-fashioned candle snuffer or extinguisher. The calyptra is persistent and fringed at its base, a diagnostic feature of the genus <em>Encalypta</em>. This moss is sensitive to nitrogen pollution and habitat disturbance, and its Vulnerable status reflects the loss and degradation of calcareous grasslands and rock habitats across Europe due to agricultural intensification, urban development, and changing land management. It plays a role in soil stabilization and moisture retention in the rocky and disturbed habitats it colonizes. Conservation of calcareous habitats is essential for maintaining populations of this and many other specialist plant and lichen species. Biological traits of this species remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.

Shared Countries

Both species can be found in 4 countries:

🇩🇰 Denmark 🇳🇴 Norway 🇵🇹 Portugal 🇸🇪 Sweden