Coelacanth vs Indian Ocean humpback dolphin

Latimeria chalumnae compared with Sousa plumbea

Key Differences

• Coelacanth is Critically Endangered while Indian Ocean humpback dolphin is Endangered.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Coelacanth	Indian Ocean humpback dolphin
Kingdom same	Animalia (Animals)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum same	Chordata (Chordates)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Coelacanthi (Coelacanthi)	Mammalia (Mammals)
Order	Coelacanthiformes (Coelacanthiformes)	Cetacea (Whales & Dolphins)
Family	Latimeriidae	Delphinidae (Oceanic Dolphins)
Genus	Latimeria	Sousa
Species	Latimeria chalumnae	Sousa plumbea

Evolutionary Relationship

Coelacanth and Indian Ocean humpback dolphin share a common ancestor at the Phylum level: Chordata. (Chordates)

Conservation Status

Coelacanth

CR — Critically Endangered

Population: ~500

Trend: Decreasing ↓

Indian Ocean humpback dolphin

EN — Endangered

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Coelacanth	Indian Ocean humpback dolphin
Diet	Carnivore	—
Average Lifespan	100 years	—
Average Length	1.8 m	—
Average Weight	80.0 kg	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Coelacanth

Habitat

Found across multiple habitat types including tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, and tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas, among 8 distinct biome types spanning the Australasia and Afrotropic and Indomalayan realms. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Range

Distributed across Comoros, Indonesia, Mozambique, and South Africa. Currently classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

Indian Ocean humpback dolphin

Habitat

Inhabits temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and Mediterranean forests and woodlands within the Palearctic biogeographic realm. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Range

Found in Greece. Currently classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

Coelacanth

A living fossil thought extinct for 65 million years until rediscovered off South Africa in 1938, coelacanths can reach 2 meters and 90 kg. They belong to an ancient lobe-finned lineage more closely related to tetrapods than to ray-finned fish, making them scientifically invaluable for understanding vertebrate evolution. Found in deep rocky reef habitats of the Indian Ocean, they are nocturnal and undergo internal fertilization, giving birth to fully formed live young. Critically Endangered.