Clustered Stonewort vs MacConnell's Bat

Tolypella glomerata compared with Mesophylla macconnelli

Key Differences

Clustered Stonewort is Vulnerable while MacConnell's Bat is Least Concern.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Clustered Stonewort	MacConnell's Bat
Kingdom	Plantae (Plants)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum	Charophyta (Charophyta)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Charophyceae (Charophyceae)	Mammalia (Mammals)
Order	Charales (Charales)	Chiroptera (Bats)
Family	Characeae	Phyllostomidae
Genus	Tolypella	Mesophylla
Species	Tolypella glomerata	Mesophylla macconnelli

Conservation Status

Clustered Stonewort

VU — Vulnerable

MacConnell's Bat

LC — Least Concern

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Clustered Stonewort	MacConnell's Bat
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Clustered Stonewort

Habitat

Native to Europe, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Distributed across Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Currently classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

MacConnell's Bat

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Range

Distributed across Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

Clustered Stonewort

Tolypella glomerata, the clustered stonewort, is a charophyte alga in the family Characeae, found in calcareous, nutrient-poor freshwater habitats including lakes, ponds, ditches, and slow-flowing water in northwestern and northern Europe. Charophytes are macroscopic green algae with a distinctive whorl-like arrangement of branches and a complex, plant-like structure that distinguishes them from other algae. T. glomerata is encrusted with calcium carbonate deposits (hence 'stonewort'), giving it a pale, grey-green appearance and rough texture. The species colonizes clear, low-nutrient water over fine sediment or gravel substrates where competition from vascular plants is reduced by nutrient limitation. It is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN, reflecting significant declines driven by eutrophication (nutrient enrichment from agriculture and sewage), which promotes the growth of vascular plants and phytoplankton that shade out stoneworts. Drainage, water abstraction, and peat cutting also threaten its habitats. Charophyte diversity has declined substantially across lowland Europe and North America over the past century, with many species becoming locally extinct from sites they once colonized.