Closed Gentian vs White-cheeked Pintail

Gentiana rubricaulis compared with Anas bahamensis

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Closed Gentian	White-cheeked Pintail
Kingdom	Plantae (Plants)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum	Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plants)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Magnoliopsida (Dicots)	Aves (Birds)
Order	Gentianales (Gentianales)	Anseriformes (Anseriformes)
Family	Gentianaceae	Anatidae
Genus	Gentiana	Anas
Species	Gentiana rubricaulis	Anas bahamensis

Conservation Status

Closed Gentian

LC — Least Concern

White-cheeked Pintail

LC — Least Concern

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Closed Gentian	White-cheeked Pintail
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Closed Gentian

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial habitats from tropical forests to temperate regions.

Range

Distributed across Canada and United States.

White-cheeked Pintail

Habitat

Typically found in various aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.

Range

Widely distributed across Asia (Israel), Europe (9 countries), and South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela).

Closed Gentian

The closed gentian or bottle gentian (Gentiana andrewsii) is a striking herbaceous perennial in the family Gentianaceae native to eastern and central North America, found from Quebec and New England west to Nebraska and south to Georgia. Unlike most gentians, the deep violet-blue flowers of this species remain permanently closed — the petals fused into a bottle-like shape through which only strong bumblebees, primarily Bombus species, can force entry to access nectar and pollen, making it a specialist of bumblebee pollination. Plants grow 30–60 cm tall in moist prairies, wet meadows, fens, stream banks, and open woodland edges, flowering in late summer and autumn when few other wildflowers are in bloom. The closed flower form prevents small insects from accessing floral rewards while selecting for robust, strong-flying pollinators capable of forcing the petals apart. Closed gentian is declining across its range due to loss of moist prairie and fen habitats, wetland drainage, invasive species competition, and the regional decline of specialist bumblebee pollinators, with which its reproductive success is closely linked.

White-cheeked Pintail

White-cheeked Pintail (Anas bahamensis) is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List. Widespread and abundant across its range, with stable populations and no immediate conservation concerns.