Chunky False Brook Salamander vs Lilacscale Milkcap

Aquiloeurycea cephalica compared with Lactarius spinosulus

Key Differences

• Chunky False Brook Salamander is Least Concern while Lilacscale Milkcap is Vulnerable.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Chunky False Brook Salamander	Lilacscale Milkcap
Kingdom	Animalia (Animals)	Fungi (Fungi)
Phylum	Chordata (Chordates)	Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)
Class	Amphibia (Amphibians)	Agaricomycetes (Mushrooms)
Order	Caudata (Caudata)	Russulales (Russulales)
Family	Plethodontidae	Russulaceae
Genus	Aquiloeurycea	Lactarius
Species	Aquiloeurycea cephalica	Lactarius spinosulus

Conservation Status

Chunky False Brook Salamander

LC — Least Concern

Lilacscale Milkcap

VU — Vulnerable

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Chunky False Brook Salamander	Lilacscale Milkcap
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Chunky False Brook Salamander

Habitat

Typically found in freshwater habitats, moist forests, and wetlands.

Range

Found in Mexico.

Lilacscale Milkcap

Habitat

Typically found in forest floors, decomposing wood, and soil ecosystems.

Range

Distributed across Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Currently classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

Chunky False Brook Salamander

The Chunky False Brook Salamander (Aquiloeurycea cephalica) is a Least Concern plethodontid salamander endemic to Mexico, found in cloud forest and humid montane habitats in the Sierra Madre Oriental and related mountain ranges. The genus Aquiloeurycea is a recently erected Mexican endemic genus segregated from the broader genus Pseudoeurycea, comprising several small, robustly built (hence 'chunky') salamanders associated with high-elevation forests. Like all plethodontids, A. cephalica is a lungless salamander that breathes entirely through its moist, vascularized skin and the lining of its mouth. It is a direct developer, skipping the aquatic larval stage entirely and laying eggs in terrestrial microhabitats such as rotting logs, leaf litter, and soil. A. cephalica inhabits cool, humid forests of pine-oak and cloud forest zones in northern Mexico, where it forages for small invertebrates in the leaf litter and soil. The IUCN assesses it as Least Concern due to its reasonably wide distribution within its montane range. Deforestation, cattle grazing, and the conversion of cloud forest to agriculture represent ongoing threats to populations throughout its range.