Choke vs Yellow-billed Cacique

Epichloe typhina compared with Amblycercus holosericeus

Key Differences

Choke is Not Evaluated while Yellow-billed Cacique is Least Concern.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Choke	Yellow-billed Cacique
Kingdom	Fungi (Fungi)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum	Ascomycota (Sac Fungi)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Sordariomycetes (Sordariomycetes)	Aves (Birds)
Order	Hypocreales (Hypocreales)	Passeriformes (Songbirds)
Family	Clavicipitaceae	Icteridae
Genus	Epichloe	Amblycercus
Species	Epichloe typhina	Amblycercus holosericeus

Conservation Status

Choke

NE — Not Evaluated

Yellow-billed Cacique

LC — Least Concern

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Choke	Yellow-billed Cacique
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Choke

Habitat

Native to North America, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Found in United States.

Yellow-billed Cacique

Habitat

Typically found in various aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.

Range

Distributed across Colombia, Ecuador, Norway, and Venezuela.

Choke

Choke (Epichloe typhina) is an endophytic and pathogenic fungus in the family Clavicipitaceae, phylum Ascomycota, that colonises the tissues of various cool-season grasses (Poaceae) across Europe and North America. The name refers to the disease it causes — infected grass tillers are typically 'choked' (prevented from flowering) when the fungus produces a dense, white to cream-coloured, stromata (a compact fungal structure) that surrounds the flowering stem before it can emerge, suppressing seed production. Epichloe species exist along a mutualism-parasitism continuum; some strains are biotrophic endophytes living almost entirely within grass tissues without obvious symptoms and conferring benefits to the host such as increased drought resistance and deterrence of herbivores through alkaloid production, while others — including E. typhina — are more parasitic in nature, sterilising infected host tillers. The fungus spreads via airborne ascospores produced on its stroma that infect new host plants. Related Epichloe/Neotyphodium endophytes are of great practical importance to agriculture as they produce ergot alkaloids and other compounds that can cause toxicosis in livestock grazing infected pasture grasses. As a fungal pathogen/endophyte rather than a wildlife species, it is Not Evaluated by the IUCN.

Yellow-billed Cacique

Yellow-billed Cacique (Amblycercus holosericeus) is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List. Widespread and abundant across its range, with stable populations and no immediate conservation concerns.