Chocolate Root vs Pallas's squirrel, Red-bellied tree squirrel

Geum rivale compared with Callosciurus erythraeus

Key Differences

Chocolate Root is Extinct while Pallas's squirrel, Red-bellied tree squirrel is Not Evaluated.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Chocolate Root	Pallas's squirrel, Red-bellied tree squirrel
Kingdom	Plantae (Plants)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum	Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plants)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Magnoliopsida (Dicots)	Mammalia (Mammals)
Order	Rosales (Roses & Allies)	Rodentia (Rodents)
Family	Rosaceae (Rose Family)	Sciuridae (Squirrels)
Genus	Geum	Callosciurus
Species	Geum rivale	Callosciurus erythraeus

Conservation Status

Chocolate Root

EX — Extinct

Pallas's squirrel, Red-bellied tree squirrel

NE — Not Evaluated

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Chocolate Root	Pallas's squirrel, Red-bellied tree squirrel
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Chocolate Root

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial habitats from tropical forests to temperate regions.

Range

Found across Europe (7 countries) and North America (Canada, United States).

Pallas's squirrel, Red-bellied tree squirrel

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Range

Widely distributed across Asia (China, Japan), Europe (8 countries), and South America (Argentina).

Chocolate Root

Chocolate Root (Geum rivale), also called Water Avens or Indian Chocolate, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Rosaceae, native to cool, moist habitats across Europe, northern Asia, and North America, where it grows in wet meadows, fens, stream banks, and damp woodlands. It produces pinnate leaves with a large terminal leaflet and drooping, nodding flowers whose petals are cream to pink and surrounded by distinctive purplish-red sepals giving the flower a nodding, bell-like appearance when closed. The nodding habit is an adaptation for rain-pollination avoidance, and fertilised flowers develop achene fruits topped with hooked styles for animal dispersal. The name Chocolate Root refers to the aromatic rhizome, which has been used traditionally as a chocolate-like flavouring in beverages and as a medicinal herb with astringent and tonic properties. The IUCN classifies Geum rivale as Extinct in certain regional contexts — notably in some lowland British localities where wetland drainage, river modification, and agricultural intensification have eliminated populations — though the species remains widespread and Least Concern across its global range. Its continued survival depends on the protection of wetland habitats, and it is used as an indicator of ancient, species-rich wetland communities of conservation importance.