Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat vs

Sturnira koopmanhilli compared with Clitopilus scyphoides

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat
Kingdom	Animalia (Animals)	Fungi (Fungi)
Phylum	Chordata (Chordates)	Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)
Class	Mammalia (Mammals)	Agaricomycetes (Mushrooms)
Order	Chiroptera (Bats)	Agaricales (Gilled Mushrooms)
Family	Phyllostomidae	Entolomataceae
Genus	Sturnira	Clitopilus
Species	Sturnira koopmanhilli	Clitopilus scyphoides

Conservation Status

Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat

DD — Data Deficient

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Range

Distributed across Colombia and Ecuador.

Habitat

Typically found in forest floors, decomposing wood, and soil ecosystems.

Range

Widely distributed across Europe (4 countries), North America (United States), and South America (Brazil).

Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat

The Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli) is a medium-sized frugivorous bat in the family Phyllostomidae, endemic to the Chocó biogeographic region of northwestern South America, where it occurs in the humid forests of the Pacific slope of Colombia and adjacent Ecuador. It belongs to the genus Sturnira — the yellow-shouldered bats — characterised by males bearing distinctive yellowish, orange, or reddish shoulder glands (from which the group's name derives), robust bodies, and rounded ears. Like all Sturnira, this species is primarily frugivorous, consuming a wide range of small, soft fruits from pioneer and forest trees, and plays an important role as a seed disperser in disturbed forest patches and forest edges. The diet of Solanaceae (nightshade family) fruits is particularly typical of the genus, and Sturnira bats are considered the primary dispersers of many pioneer Solanum species in Neotropical secondary succession, contributing directly to forest regeneration. The IUCN classifies the Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat as Data Deficient, reflecting significant uncertainty about the species' distribution limits, population size, and ecological requirements. The Chocó region continues to experience rapid deforestation, which threatens frugivorous bat diversity even where individual species lack adequate data for formal threat assessment.

Clitopilus scyphoides is an agaric fungus in the family Entolomataceae found in temperate European woodlands and grassland habitats. The species epithet scyphoides refers to a cup- or goblet-like form ('scyphus' meaning cup in Latin), likely describing the mature cap shape which becomes deeply depressed to funnel-shaped at maturity. Like other Clitopilus species, it produces white to pale cap surfaces, crowded decurrent gills that develop a pinkish tinge from the angular spores as they mature, and typically exhibits a mealy or farinaceous odor. It fruits in autumn in woodland clearings, beech and oak woodland floors, and occasionally in grassy habitats. The Clitopilus genus contains around a dozen recognized European species, some of which resemble the edible sweetbread mushroom C. prunulus. Molecular and morphological studies continue to clarify species boundaries and relationships within the genus. C. scyphoides contributes to the decomposer fungal community in its habitats, processing leaf litter and soil organic matter within temperate European forest and grassland ecosystems.