Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat vs

Sturnira koopmanhilli compared with Chrysolykos complanatus

Key Differences

• Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat is Data Deficient while is Not Evaluated.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat
Kingdom	Animalia (Animals)	Chromista (Chromista)
Phylum	Chordata (Chordates)	Ochrophyta (Ochrophyta)
Class	Mammalia (Mammals)	Chrysophyceae (Chrysophyceae)
Order	Chiroptera (Bats)	Chromulinales (Chromulinales)
Family	Phyllostomidae	Dinobryaceae
Genus	Sturnira	Chrysolykos
Species	Sturnira koopmanhilli	Chrysolykos complanatus

Conservation Status

Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat

DD — Data Deficient

NE — Not Evaluated

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Range

Distributed across Colombia and Ecuador.

Habitat

Native to Europe, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Distributed across Norway and Sweden.

Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat

The Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli) is a medium-sized frugivorous bat in the family Phyllostomidae, endemic to the Chocó biogeographic region of northwestern South America, where it occurs in the humid forests of the Pacific slope of Colombia and adjacent Ecuador. It belongs to the genus Sturnira — the yellow-shouldered bats — characterised by males bearing distinctive yellowish, orange, or reddish shoulder glands (from which the group's name derives), robust bodies, and rounded ears. Like all Sturnira, this species is primarily frugivorous, consuming a wide range of small, soft fruits from pioneer and forest trees, and plays an important role as a seed disperser in disturbed forest patches and forest edges. The diet of Solanaceae (nightshade family) fruits is particularly typical of the genus, and Sturnira bats are considered the primary dispersers of many pioneer Solanum species in Neotropical secondary succession, contributing directly to forest regeneration. The IUCN classifies the Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat as Data Deficient, reflecting significant uncertainty about the species' distribution limits, population size, and ecological requirements. The Chocó region continues to experience rapid deforestation, which threatens frugivorous bat diversity even where individual species lack adequate data for formal threat assessment.

Chrysolykos complanatus is a freshwater chrysophyte microalga in the genus Chrysolykos, class Chrysophyceae. The species epithet complanatus — flattened or compressed — describes a lorica that is notably flattened in lateral view compared with the more three-dimensional forms of other Chrysolykos species. This flattened lorica morphology is the primary taxonomic character distinguishing C. complanatus from the angular C. angulatus and the boot-shaped C. calceatus within the small genus Chrysolykos. The loricate chrysophytes, including Chrysolykos, are characterized by cells enclosed within a species-specific outer case from which two flagella emerge — one directed anteriorly and one often wrapped around the cell — enabling swimming in aquatic environments. C. complanatus has been recorded from Norwegian and Swedish freshwater ecosystems, contributing to the known diversity of chrysophytes in cold Scandinavian lakes and pond habitats. These boreal and subarctic freshwater environments, often characterized by low pH, low nutrient concentrations, and high dissolved organic carbon from surrounding peat bogs, support characteristic chrysophyte assemblages in which loricate forms are frequently present. The species contributes to primary production as a photoautotroph and may supplement its carbon budget through bacterivory. Chrysolykos species are minor components of most phytoplankton communities and are not known to form blooms. C. complanatus has not been evaluated under IUCN Red List criteria and is listed as Not Evaluated.