Brown-winged Starling vs Common Sunda Toad

Aplonis grandis compared with Duttaphrynus melanostictus

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Brown-winged Starling	Common Sunda Toad
Kingdom same	Animalia (Animals)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum same	Chordata (Chordates)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Aves (Birds)	Amphibia (Amphibians)
Order	Passeriformes (Songbirds)	Anura (Frogs & Toads)
Family	Sturnidae	Bufonidae
Genus	Aplonis	Duttaphrynus
Species	Aplonis grandis	Duttaphrynus melanostictus

Evolutionary Relationship

Brown-winged Starling and Common Sunda Toad share a common ancestor at the Phylum level: Chordata. (Chordates)

Conservation Status

Brown-winged Starling

LC — Least Concern

Common Sunda Toad

LC — Least Concern

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Brown-winged Starling	Common Sunda Toad
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Brown-winged Starling

Habitat

Typically found in various aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.

Range

Found in Norway.

Common Sunda Toad

Habitat

Typically found in freshwater habitats, moist forests, and wetlands.

Range

Widely distributed across Africa (Madagascar), Asia (4 countries), and Europe (Spain).

Brown-winged Starling

The Brown-winged Starling (Aplonis grandis) is a species in the genus Aplonis. It is currently classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Typically found in various aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.

Common Sunda Toad

<em>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</em>, the common Sunda toad, is an amphibian in the family Bufonidae, order Anura. It has a wide natural distribution across South and Southeast Asia, ranging from Pakistan and India through to southern China, the Malay Peninsula, and the Indonesian archipelago, and has also been introduced to Madagascar. The species typically inhabits a broad range of environments including urban areas, agricultural land, forest edges, gardens, and disturbed habitats, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to human-modified landscapes. <em>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</em> is characterized by prominent parotoid glands behind the eyes that secrete toxic compounds serving as a defense against predators, a feature shared with other true toads. It is an opportunistic carnivore, feeding on a variety of invertebrates including insects, worms, and small arthropods. Biological traits including average lifespan under natural conditions, typical body measurements, and specific breeding parameters remain poorly documented. The species is assessed as Least Concern by the IUCN, reflecting its extensive range and high tolerance for habitat modification, though introduced populations in Madagascar represent a potentially invasive concern.