Bad-smelling Alkanet vs Common Spruce Bell

Alkanna maleolens compared with Epinotia tedella

Key Differences

• Bad-smelling Alkanet is Critically Endangered while Common Spruce Bell is Least Concern.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Bad-smelling Alkanet	Common Spruce Bell
Kingdom	Plantae (Plants)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum	Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plants)	Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Class	Magnoliopsida (Dicots)	Insecta (Insects)
Order	Boraginales (Boraginales)	Lepidoptera (Butterflies & Moths)
Family	Boraginaceae	Tortricidae
Genus	Alkanna	Epinotia
Species	Alkanna maleolens	Epinotia tedella

Conservation Status

Bad-smelling Alkanet

CR — Critically Endangered

Common Spruce Bell

LC — Least Concern

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Bad-smelling Alkanet	Common Spruce Bell
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Bad-smelling Alkanet

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial habitats from tropical forests to temperate regions.

Common Spruce Bell

Habitat

Typically found in virtually all terrestrial and freshwater habitats.

Range

Distributed across Belgium, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Bad-smelling Alkanet

The Bad-smelling Alkanet (Alkanna maleolens) is a species in the genus Alkanna. It is currently classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Typically found in diverse terrestrial habitats from tropical forests to temperate regions.

Common Spruce Bell

<em>Epinotia tedella</em>, commonly known as the common spruce bell, is a small tortrix moth in the family Tortricidae, distributed across Europe wherever its primary host plant, <em>Picea abies</em> (Norway spruce), occurs. This species typically inhabits spruce forests, forest plantations, and woodland edges with significant spruce components, from lowland areas to montane elevations throughout much of the European continent. Its geographic range extends from Scandinavia and the British Isles south through central and eastern Europe, broadly following the distribution of its conifer hosts. Classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, <em>Epinotia tedella</em> maintains stable populations across its range and is not considered threatened. The larvae feed internally within the needles of <em>Picea</em> species, mining leaf tissue and occasionally causing noticeable damage during outbreak years in plantation forestry. Adults are small moths with a wingspan of approximately 12–16 mm, displaying forewing patterns of brownish-grey with silvery strigulae typical of the genus. The species produces one generation per year, with adults flying from late spring to midsummer. Biological traits such as average lifespan in years, precise body weight, and detailed population dynamics remain poorly documented for this minor forestry pest. Diet consists primarily of Norway spruce needle tissue during the larval stage.