American bison vs elk

Bison bison compared with Cervus elaphus

Key Differences

• American bison is Not Evaluated while elk is Vulnerable.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	American bison	elk
Kingdom same	Animalia (Animals)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum same	Chordata (Chordates)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class same	Mammalia (Mammals)	Mammalia (Mammals)
Order same	Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates)	Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates)
Family	Bovidae (Bovids)	Cervidae (Deer)
Genus	Bison	Cervus (True Deer)
Species	Bison bison	Cervus elaphus

Evolutionary Relationship

American bison and elk share a common ancestor at the Order level: Artiodactyla. (Even-toed Ungulates)

Conservation Status

American bison

NE — Not Evaluated

elk

VU — Vulnerable

Trend: Stable →

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	American bison	elk
Diet	—	Herbivore
Average Lifespan	—	20 years
Average Length	—	2.1 m
Average Weight	—	240.0 kg

Habitat & Geographic Range

American bison

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Range

Widely distributed across Europe (4 countries), North America (United States), and South America (Colombia).

elk

Habitat

Found across multiple habitat types including tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, among 12 distinct biome types. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Range

Widely distributed across Africa (South Africa), Asia (Afghanistan, Indonesia), Europe (11 countries), North America (Mexico), Oceania and the Pacific (Australia, New Zealand), and South America (Argentina, Chile, Peru). Currently classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

American bison

The American bison (Bison bison) is a species in the genus Bison. Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

elk

Also known as the red deer, elk are among the largest members of the deer family, with antlered males reaching up to 240 kg. Found across temperate forests and grasslands of Europe, Asia, and North America, where populations were historically separated as distinct subspecies. Males shed and regrow their antlers annually, engaging in dramatic roaring contests during autumn rut. An important game and conservation species across its range.

Shared Countries

Both species can be found in 3 countries:

🇳🇴 Norway 🇷🇺 Russia 🇸🇪 Sweden