Alupa vs Churuguara Collared Frog

Acacia victoriae compared with Mannophryne caquetio

Key Differences

• Alupa is Least Concern while Churuguara Collared Frog is Endangered.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Alupa	Churuguara Collared Frog
Kingdom	Plantae (Plants)	Animalia (Animals)
Phylum	Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plants)	Chordata (Chordates)
Class	Magnoliopsida (Dicots)	Amphibia (Amphibians)
Order	Fabales (Legumes & Allies)	Anura (Frogs & Toads)
Family	Fabaceae	Aromobatidae
Genus	Acacia	Mannophryne
Species	Acacia victoriae	Mannophryne caquetio

Conservation Status

Alupa

LC — Least Concern

Churuguara Collared Frog

EN — Endangered

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Alupa	Churuguara Collared Frog
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Alupa

Habitat

Inhabits Mediterranean forests and woodlands and deserts and xeric shrublands within the Palearctic biogeographic realm. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Range

Found in Israel.

Churuguara Collared Frog

Habitat

Typically found in freshwater habitats, moist forests, and wetlands.

Range

Found in Venezuela. Currently classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

Alupa

The Alupa (Acacia victoriae) is a species in the genus Acacia. It is currently classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Inhabits Mediterranean forests and woodlands and deserts and xeric shrublands within the Palearctic biogeographic realm. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Churuguara Collared Frog

The Churuguara collared frog (Mannophryne caquetio) is a small terrestrial frog in the family Aromobatidae, endemic to northwestern Venezuela. It inhabits humid montane and premontane forests in the Falcón and Lara states, occupying rocky streamsides, leaf litter, and moss-covered boulders at elevations from approximately 500 to 1,500 meters. Like other members of the genus Mannophryne, this species exhibits a distinctive collar-like throat pattern used in territorial and mate-attraction displays. Males guard egg clutches deposited on moist surfaces and may transport hatched tadpoles to water. The species is classified as Endangered by the IUCN, reflecting its restricted geographic range, habitat specificity, and ongoing threats from deforestation, agricultural expansion, and illegal wildlife collection. Venezuela's montane forests harbor exceptional amphibian diversity but remain poorly protected outside a few national parks. The Churuguara collared frog is part of a broader radiation of Mannophryne species across the northern Andes and Venezuelan coastal ranges, many of which are similarly threatened. Its cryptic coloration and secretive behavior make population monitoring challenging. Chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) poses an additional emerging threat to this and related Neotropical amphibians. Targeted surveys and habitat protection in the Falcón highlands are critical for the species' long-term survival.