Stomata
기공
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="stomata"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
Microscopic pores on leaf surfaces that regulate gas exchange and water vapor release during transpiration.
Detailed Explanation
Stomatal aperture is controlled by guard cells that swell (opening the pore) when turgor pressure increases, triggered by light and low CO₂. Drought stress causes stomata to close, conserving water but stopping CO₂ entry and halting photosynthesis. Plants face a fundamental trade-off: open stomata for photosynthesis or close them to prevent desiccation. Stomatal density on fossil leaves is used to reconstruct ancient atmospheric CO₂ concentrations.