Germination
발아
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="germination"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
The process by which a seed begins to sprout and develop into a new plant under favorable conditions.
Detailed Explanation
Germination begins when water is absorbed (imbibition), activating enzymes that mobilize stored nutrients in the endosperm or cotyledons. Temperature, light quality, and soil nitrates can trigger or block germination, preventing premature sprouting in hostile seasons. Seed dormancy mechanisms include physical (hard seed coats requiring scarification), physiological (hormone-based), and morphological types. Seed banks exploit dormancy to preserve genetic material for decades.