海岸扇尾莺 (Coastal Cisticola)

Cisticola haematocephalus, the coastal cisticola or red-headed cisticola, is a small passerine bird in the family Cisticolidae distributed across sub-Saharan Africa, inhabiting rank coastal and lowland grassland, tall reed beds adjacent to water bodies, and scrubby vegetation along rivers and wetland margins. The genus Cisticola, with over 50 species, represents one of the most speciose avian genera in Africa and is characterized by small, brown-streaked warblers that are notoriously difficult to distinguish in the field and are often best identified by voice. Cisticola haematocephalus is recognized by the rufous-chestnut crown that gives it its common and scientific names, distinguishing it from the numerous plain-crowned cisticola species with which it often shares habitat. Males perform conspicuous aerial display songs during the breeding season from exposed grass stems or in fluttering display flights. The species is assessed as Least Concern by the IUCN, being widespread across coastal and riverine lowlands of east, west, and central Africa. It constructs a characteristic deep, oval woven grass nest anchored within tall grass stems, often partially concealed by living grass folded around the nest entrance.