Bent Ring Lichen vs Cliff Mining Bee

Arctoparmelia incurva compared with Andrena thoracica

Key Differences

Bent Ring Lichen is Critically Endangered while Cliff Mining Bee is Extinct.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Bent Ring Lichen	Cliff Mining Bee
Kingdom	Fungi (真菌界)	Animalia (动物界)
Phylum	Ascomycota (子囊菌门)	Arthropoda (节肢动物门)
Class	Lecanoromycetes (茶漬綱)	Insecta (昆蟲綱)
Order	Lecanorales (茶漬目)	Hymenoptera (膜翅目)
Family	Parmeliaceae	Andrenidae
Genus	Arctoparmelia	Andrena
Species	Arctoparmelia incurva	Andrena thoracica

Conservation Status

Bent Ring Lichen

CR — Critically Endangered

Cliff Mining Bee

EX — Extinct

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Bent Ring Lichen	Cliff Mining Bee
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Bent Ring Lichen

Habitat

Native to Europe and North America, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Distributed across Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and United States. Currently classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

Cliff Mining Bee

Habitat

Typically found in virtually all terrestrial and freshwater habitats.

Range

Distributed across Denmark, Luxembourg, Norway, and Sweden.

Bent Ring Lichen

The Bent Ring Lichen (Arctoparmelia incurva) is a species in the genus Arctoparmelia. It is currently classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Native to Europe and North America, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Cliff Mining Bee

The Cliff Mining Bee, Andrena species in the family Andrenidae, is a solitary ground-nesting bee that excavates tunnels in cliff faces, earthen banks, and compacted sandy or loamy soils, where the loose or friable substrates exposed in cliff profiles provide ideal nesting conditions. Mining bees in the genus Andrena are among the most species-rich solitary bee genera in the world, with hundreds of species across the Holarctic region, many narrowly specialized in their choice of pollen host plants. Female cliff mining bees construct vertical or angled burrows in cliff faces, with lateral cells off the main shaft, each containing a pollen ball and a single egg. Males are typically smaller and emerge before females to establish territories near nesting sites. Many Andrena species are oligolectic, collecting pollen from only a small number of plant species, making their populations sensitive to the availability of specific flowering plants in the landscape surrounding nesting areas. Cliff and bank nesting habitats provide well-drained, sun-warmed substrates essential for brood development. The loss of natural cliff faces and earthen banks to development, vegetation succession, and quarrying reduces available nesting habitat for cliff mining bees.