Bacteria
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<speciesfyi-glossary slug="bacteria"></speciesfyi-glossary>Definition
Single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms found in nearly every habitat on Earth, with diverse metabolic capabilities.
Detailed Explanation
Bacteria are metabolically astonishing — different species can derive energy from sunlight, organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide, iron, and ammonia. They fix approximately 140 million tonnes of atmospheric nitrogen annually, making them essential to terrestrial and aquatic productivity. The human body contains roughly as many bacteria as human cells. Horizontal gene transfer between bacteria — including antibiotic resistance genes — occurs at rates far faster than vertical inheritance.