Campos Rupestres montane savanna

The Campos Rupestres montane savanna is a tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands ecoregion located in the Neotropic biogeographic realm, covering Central and South America, the Caribbean, and southern portions of Mexico, spanning approximately 26,313 km². Classified under the WWF ecoregion code NT0703, this region represents a distinct ecological community shaped by its unique combination of climate, geography, and evolutionary history.

Climate and Vegetation

This ecoregion experiences warm year-round with seasonal rainfall and a distinct dry period. The dominant vegetation consists of grasses interspersed with scattered trees and shrubs. These conditions create the foundation for the ecological communities found within the Campos Rupestres montane savanna.

Ecological Significance

Savannas support some of the most iconic large mammal assemblages on Earth, including herds of grazers and their predators. Fire and herbivory maintain the open grassland structure. The Campos Rupestres montane savanna contributes to the broader biodiversity patterns of the Neotropic realm.

Geographic Distribution

The Campos Rupestres montane savanna extends entirely within Brazil. This geographic range places it within the Neotropic realm, one of the eight major biogeographic divisions of the world.

Notable Species

The Campos Rupestres montane savanna supports a range of wildlife, including (Ganoderma resinaceum), (Disciseda bovista), (Echinoderma calcicola), (Coniocarpon cinnabarinum), (Xylaria corniformis), (Disciseda candida), (Lepiota subalba), (Mycenastrum corium), and 42 more species. Among these, 20 species are classified as threatened on the IUCN Red List, underscoring the conservation importance of this ecoregion.

Conservation

Like many tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands ecosystems, the Campos Rupestres montane savanna faces threats from overgrazing, agricultural conversion, fire suppression, and desertification. Conservation efforts in this ecoregion focus on habitat preservation, sustainable land management, and protecting corridors that connect fragmented habitat patches.