alstonia vs Common Sunda Toad

Alstonia congensis compared with Duttaphrynus melanostictus

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	alstonia	Common Sunda Toad
Kingdom	Plantae (bitki)	Animalia (hayvan)
Phylum	Magnoliophyta (Flowering Plants)	Chordata (Kordalılar)
Class	Magnoliopsida (Dicots)	Amphibia (amfibiler)
Order	Gentianales (Gentianales)	Anura (Kuyruksuz kurbağalar)
Family	Apocynaceae	Bufonidae
Genus	Alstonia	Duttaphrynus
Species	Alstonia congensis	Duttaphrynus melanostictus

Conservation Status

alstonia

LC — Least Concern

Common Sunda Toad

LC — Least Concern

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	alstonia	Common Sunda Toad
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

alstonia

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial habitats from tropical forests to temperate regions.

Range

Found in Guinea.

Common Sunda Toad

Habitat

Typically found in freshwater habitats, moist forests, and wetlands.

Range

Widely distributed across Africa (Madagascar), Asia (4 countries), and Europe (Spain).

alstonia

The Alstonia (Alstonia congensis) is a species in the genus Alstonia. It is currently classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Typically found in diverse terrestrial habitats from tropical forests to temperate regions. Found in Guinea.

Common Sunda Toad

<em>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</em>, the common Sunda toad, is an amphibian in the family Bufonidae, order Anura. It has a wide natural distribution across South and Southeast Asia, ranging from Pakistan and India through to southern China, the Malay Peninsula, and the Indonesian archipelago, and has also been introduced to Madagascar. The species typically inhabits a broad range of environments including urban areas, agricultural land, forest edges, gardens, and disturbed habitats, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to human-modified landscapes. <em>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</em> is characterized by prominent parotoid glands behind the eyes that secrete toxic compounds serving as a defense against predators, a feature shared with other true toads. It is an opportunistic carnivore, feeding on a variety of invertebrates including insects, worms, and small arthropods. Biological traits including average lifespan under natural conditions, typical body measurements, and specific breeding parameters remain poorly documented. The species is assessed as Least Concern by the IUCN, reflecting its extensive range and high tolerance for habitat modification, though introduced populations in Madagascar represent a potentially invasive concern.