African elephant vs ciliate fringewort

Loxodonta africana compared with Ptilidium ciliare

Key Differences

• African elephant is Vulnerable while ciliate fringewort is Endangered.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	African elephant	ciliate fringewort
Kingdom	Animalia (hayvan)	Plantae (bitki)
Phylum	Chordata (Kordalılar)	Marchantiophyta (Ciğer otları)
Class	Mammalia (memeliler)	Jungermanniopsida (Jungermanniopsida)
Order	Proboscidea (Hortumlular)	Ptilidiales (Ptilidiales)
Family	Elephantidae (Elephants)	Ptilidiaceae
Genus	Loxodonta (African Elephants)	Ptilidium
Species	Loxodonta africana	Ptilidium ciliare

Conservation Status

African elephant

VU — Vulnerable

Population: ~415.0K

Trend: Decreasing ↓

ciliate fringewort

EN — Endangered

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	African elephant	ciliate fringewort
Diet	Herbivore	—
Average Lifespan	65 years	—
Average Length	6.0 m	—
Average Weight	6.0 t	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

African elephant

Habitat

Found across multiple habitat types including tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas, and flooded grasslands and savannas, among 5 distinct biome types within the Afrotropic biogeographic realm. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Range

Found in Kenya. Currently classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

ciliate fringewort

Habitat

Native to Europe and North America, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Found across Europe (5 countries) and North America (United States). Currently classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

African elephant

The largest land animal on Earth, African elephants can reach 7,000 kg and inhabit sub-Saharan savannas, forests, and wetlands. Highly intelligent with complex social structures led by matriarchs, they communicate through infrasound, rumbles, and touch. As ecosystem engineers, they shape habitats by uprooting trees, digging waterholes, and dispersing seeds. Vulnerable, with populations declining due to ivory poaching and habitat loss.

ciliate fringewort

Ciliate fringewort (Ptilidium ciliare) is a leafy liverwort in the family Ptilidiaceae, found in boreal and montane regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, North America, and parts of northern Asia. It grows as a creeping, irregularly branched mat with leaves divided into deeply fringed lobes edged with long, hair-like cilia—the characteristic feature that gives the species its common name. Ciliate fringewort colonizes a variety of substrates including rock surfaces, boulders, tree trunks, and peaty ground in open to moderately shaded habitats such as heathland, moorland, montane grasslands, and subalpine and subarctic vegetation. It is particularly common on exposed rocks in boreal and tundra zones. The species is classified as Endangered in parts of Europe, where lowland populations have declined severely due to atmospheric nitrogen deposition, afforestation of open heathland, and the loss of traditionally managed heath and moorland habitats. Populations in montane and boreal zones remain more stable. Ciliate fringewort is sensitive to elevated nitrogen levels that promote the competitive dominance of grasses and mosses. Restoration of lowland heathland and reduction of nitrogen pollution are key measures needed to support remaining European populations. The species is better represented in Scandinavian boreal habitats and North American taiga and tundra.