Nodularia litorea is a filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium found in coastal and estuarine environments, tolerating a range of salinities from brackish to marine conditions. It forms short trichomes with alternating vegetative cells and heterocysts. Like other Nodularia species, it may produce hepatotoxins (nodularin) under bloom-forming conditions, posing risks to aquatic life and water quality.