colonial sea squirt

<em>Perophora japonica</em> is a colonial tunicate in the family Perophoridae with records in Europe and North America, including the United States. This species has not been evaluated by the IUCN. Like other members of the genus <em>Perophora</em>, it forms stolonate colonies in which individual zooids are connected by thin, creeping stolons rather than embedded within a shared tunic matrix, giving colonies a distinctive chain-like or branching appearance on the substrate surface. Tunicates of this type are filter feeders, drawing water through an oral siphon to extract suspended particulate organic matter, phytoplankton, and bacteria. <em>Perophora japonica</em> is associated with hard substrates in shallow coastal and estuarine environments, where it competes with other sessile invertebrates for space and resources. The species is presumed to have been introduced to European and North American waters through shipping, aquaculture, and hull fouling. Its ecology in introduced ranges is incompletely understood, and the extent of any ecological impact on native invertebrate communities has not been thoroughly assessed. Biological traits of this species remain poorly documented in the scientific literature.