Coastal False Asphodel

Triantha racemosa, the coastal false asphodel, is an extinct aquatic to semi-aquatic perennial herb formerly belonging to the family Tofieldiaceae that was native to coastal plain wetlands of the southeastern United States. The species grew in open, often fire-maintained boggy savannas, seepage slopes, and pitcher plant bogs on the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains, occupying habitats characterized by seasonally waterlogged, nutrient-poor, acidic soils underlain by impermeable clay. Triantha racemosa produced slender stems bearing clusters of small white flowers in a racemose inflorescence, giving the species its name. The extinction of coastal false asphodel resulted from the systematic drainage, conversion to agriculture, and suppression of natural fire that has eliminated over 95 percent of the longleaf pine savanna and associated wetland habitats across the southeastern coastal plain over the past two centuries. These fire-dependent wetland communities required periodic burning to maintain open, shrub-free conditions, and fire suppression allowed shrub encroachment that shaded out low-growing herbs. No living populations are known, and the species is regarded as extinct. Tofieldiaceae is a small family of monocots with a scattered distribution in temperate wetlands of the Northern Hemisphere.