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The Cinderella waxbill (Estrilda thomensis) is a small passerine bird in the family Estrildidae, endemic to São Tomé Island in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western coast of Central Africa. It inhabits forest edges, secondary growth, gardens, and cultivated areas with dense low vegetation, where it forages for grass seeds and small invertebrates, typically in small flocks. The species shares its common name with its delicate, finely patterned plumage featuring a gray crown, red bill, dark mask, and rusty-pink flanks, suggesting an ornate appearance reminiscent of the fairy tale character. The Cinderella waxbill is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with populations considered stable on São Tomé, where it is one of the more commonly encountered endemic birds in modified habitats. São Tomé and Príncipe together represent one of Africa's most important island biodiversity hotspots, with remarkable levels of avian endemism resulting from long isolation. The island's endemic waxbill benefits from its adaptability to secondary and garden habitats, tolerating a degree of human land use. Conservation of remaining native forest on São Tomé is critical for the many forest-dependent endemic species on the island. The species is occasionally kept by aviculturalists but is not a major target of the wild bird trade.