vs Gray-shanked Douc Langur

Clostridium botulinum compared with Pygathrix cinerea

Key Differences

is Not Evaluated while Gray-shanked Douc Langur is Critically Endangered.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank		Gray-shanked Douc Langur
Kingdom	Bacteria (Bacteria)	Animalia (동물)
Phylum	Firmicutes_A	Chordata (척삭동물)
Class	Clostridia (클로스트리디움강)	Mammalia (포유류)
Order	Clostridiales (클로스트리디움목)	Primates (영장목)
Family	Clostridiaceae	Cercopithecidae (Old World Monkeys)
Genus	Clostridium	Pygathrix
Species	Clostridium botulinum	Pygathrix cinerea

Conservation Status

NE — Not Evaluated

Gray-shanked Douc Langur

CR — Critically Endangered

Physical Characteristics

Attribute		Gray-shanked Douc Langur
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Habitat

Native to Europe, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Found in Sweden.

Gray-shanked Douc Langur

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium in the family Clostridiaceae and the causative agent of botulism, a potentially fatal neuroparalytic illness caused by its potent botulinum neurotoxin — the most acutely toxic substance known. The neurotoxin acts by blocking acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, causing flaccid paralysis and potentially respiratory failure. Seven serologically distinct toxin types (A through G) are produced by different strains, with types A, B, E, and F responsible for human botulism occurring through foodborne intoxication, wound infection, and infant intestinal colonization. C. botulinum spores are ubiquitous in soil and sediments worldwide, resisting boiling for extended periods and requiring autoclaving to destroy. Home-canned low-acid foods provide ideal anaerobic, low-acid conditions for germination and toxin production. Paradoxically, purified botulinum toxin has extensive medical applications, used clinically to treat spasticity, hyperhidrosis, chronic migraine, and cosmetically to reduce facial wrinkles (Botox). Strains are distributed globally and isolated from soils, sediments, and animal intestines across all continents.