Harmless Serotine vs undulate ray

Eptesicus innoxius compared with Raja undulata

Key Differences

• Harmless Serotine is Near Threatened while undulate ray is Endangered.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Harmless Serotine	undulate ray
Kingdom same	Animalia (動物)	Animalia (動物)
Phylum same	Chordata (脊索動物)	Chordata (脊索動物)
Class	Mammalia (哺乳類)	Elasmobranchii
Order	Chiroptera (翼手目)	Rajiformes (ガンギエイ目)
Family	Vespertilionidae	Rajidae
Genus	Eptesicus	Raja
Species	Eptesicus innoxius	Raja undulata

Evolutionary Relationship

Harmless Serotine and undulate ray share a common ancestor at the Phylum level: Chordata. (脊索動物)

Conservation Status

Harmless Serotine

NT — Near Threatened

undulate ray

EN — Endangered

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Harmless Serotine	undulate ray
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Harmless Serotine

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Range

Found in Ecuador. Listed as Near Threatened, this species requires ongoing monitoring to prevent population decline.

undulate ray

Habitat

Native to Europe, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Found in Belgium. Currently classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.