Coalman vs Epaulard

Tricholoma portentosum compared with Orcinus orca

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Coalman	Epaulard
Kingdom	Fungi (菌界)	Animalia (動物)
Phylum	Basidiomycota (担子菌門)	Chordata (脊索動物)
Class	Agaricomycetes (真正担子菌綱)	Mammalia (哺乳類)
Order	Agaricales (ハラタケ目)	Cetacea (Whales & Dolphins)
Family	Tricholomataceae	Delphinidae (Oceanic Dolphins)
Genus	Tricholoma	Orcinus (Orcas)
Species	Tricholoma portentosum	Orcinus orca

Conservation Status

Coalman

DD — Data Deficient

Epaulard

DD — Data Deficient

Population: ~50.0K

Trend: Unknown ?

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Coalman	Epaulard
Diet	—	Carnivore
Average Lifespan	—	50 years
Average Length	—	8.0 m
Average Weight	—	5.4 t

Habitat & Geographic Range

Coalman

Habitat

Typically found in forest floors, decomposing wood, and soil ecosystems.

Range

Found across Europe (5 countries) and North America (United States).

Epaulard

Habitat

Found across multiple habitat types including tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, and tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas, among 11 distinct biome types. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Range

Widely distributed across Asia (Taiwan), Europe (4 countries), and South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela).

Coalman

Tricholoma portentosum, commonly called the coalman or soapy knight, is a large, prized edible mushroom in the family Tricholomataceae forming ectomycorrhizal associations with conifers, especially pines and spruces, across temperate forests of Europe and North America. The fruiting body features a grey to blackish fibrous cap 6–12 centimeters in diameter with a wavy, often undulating margin, white to pale yellow gills with a slightly soapy odour, and a white stem with grey streaks. It typically fruits in autumn in pine forests and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodland, where its underground mycorrhizal network supports tree health and nutrient uptake. Tricholoma portentosum is considered a fine edible species in several European countries, particularly in Spain, Poland, and Italy, where it is collected commercially and sold in markets. The genus Tricholoma contains numerous similar grey or silvery species, making field identification challenging and requiring careful attention to habitat, odour, and microscopic features. The species is classified as Data Deficient by the IUCN, reflecting insufficient baseline population data to determine whether it is declining. Broader declines in fruiting body abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi across Europe have been documented through long-term monitoring, attributed primarily to atmospheric nitrogen deposition altering forest nitrogen dynamics.

Epaulard

イルカ科で最大の種であるシャチ（Orcinus orca）は体長最大9メートル、体重6トンに達し、北極から南極まですべての海洋に生息しています。独特の方言、狩猟戦略、集団間で異なる文化的伝統を持つ母系ポッドで生活する頂点捕食者です。一部の集団は魚類を、他の集団は海洋哺乳類を専門に捕食します。天敵はなく、シャチは生息するすべての海洋食物連鎖の頂点に位置します。