vs Epaulard

Clostridium sporogenes compared with Orcinus orca

Key Differences

is Not Evaluated while Epaulard is Data Deficient.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank		Epaulard
Kingdom	Bacteria (Bacteria)	Animalia (動物)
Phylum	Firmicutes_A	Chordata (脊索動物)
Class	Clostridia (クロストリジア)	Mammalia (哺乳類)
Order	Clostridiales (クロストリジウム目)	Cetacea (Whales & Dolphins)
Family	Clostridiaceae	Delphinidae (Oceanic Dolphins)
Genus	Clostridium	Orcinus (Orcas)
Species	Clostridium sporogenes	Orcinus orca

Conservation Status

NE — Not Evaluated

Epaulard

DD — Data Deficient

Population: ~50.0K

Trend: Unknown ?

Physical Characteristics

Attribute		Epaulard
Diet	—	Carnivore
Average Lifespan	—	50 years
Average Length	—	8.0 m
Average Weight	—	5.4 t

Habitat & Geographic Range

Habitat

Native to Asia, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Found in Taiwan.

Epaulard

Habitat

Found across multiple habitat types including tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, and tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas, among 11 distinct biome types. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Range

Widely distributed across Asia (Taiwan), Europe (4 countries), and South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela).

Clostridium sporogenes is an anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium in the family Clostridiaceae phylogenetically and morphologically closely related to C. botulinum type A but lacking the genes encoding botulinum neurotoxin. It is widely distributed in soil, sediments, and the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans, where it is considered a non-pathogenic member of the microbiome. The species epithet sporogenes refers to its characteristic production of abundant, conspicuous endospores. C. sporogenes is highly proteolytic, producing multiple proteases that break down proteins into amino acids and peptides, contributing to the decomposition of organic nitrogen in anaerobic environments. In food science, it serves as a surrogate organism in studies validating thermal processing conditions for low-acid canned foods — its heat-resistant spores are used as surrogates for C. botulinum in process safety testing without the biosafety concerns of using the toxigenic parent species. Research has also explored C. sporogenes as a vector for delivering anticancer prodrug-activating enzymes into hypoxic tumor microenvironments, exploiting its preferential germination in anaerobic tissue regions.

Epaulard

イルカ科で最大の種であるシャチ（Orcinus orca）は体長最大9メートル、体重6トンに達し、北極から南極まですべての海洋に生息しています。独特の方言、狩猟戦略、集団間で異なる文化的伝統を持つ母系ポッドで生活する頂点捕食者です。一部の集団は魚類を、他の集団は海洋哺乳類を専門に捕食します。天敵はなく、シャチは生息するすべての海洋食物連鎖の頂点に位置します。