vs Epaulard

Clitocybe subalutacea compared with Orcinus orca

Taxonomic Classification

Rank		Epaulard
Kingdom	Fungi (菌界)	Animalia (動物)
Phylum	Basidiomycota (担子菌門)	Chordata (脊索動物)
Class	Agaricomycetes (真正担子菌綱)	Mammalia (哺乳類)
Order	Agaricales (ハラタケ目)	Cetacea (Whales & Dolphins)
Family	Tricholomataceae	Delphinidae (Oceanic Dolphins)
Genus	Clitocybe	Orcinus (Orcas)
Species	Clitocybe subalutacea	Orcinus orca

Conservation Status

DD — Data Deficient

Epaulard

DD — Data Deficient

Population: ~50.0K

Trend: Unknown ?

Physical Characteristics

Attribute		Epaulard
Diet	—	Carnivore
Average Lifespan	—	50 years
Average Length	—	8.0 m
Average Weight	—	5.4 t

Habitat & Geographic Range

Habitat

Typically found in forest floors, decomposing wood, and soil ecosystems.

Range

Distributed across Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Epaulard

Habitat

Found across multiple habitat types including tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, and tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas, among 11 distinct biome types. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Range

Widely distributed across Asia (Taiwan), Europe (4 countries), and South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela).

Clitocybe subalutacea is a pale, leather-colored agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae found across temperate European woodlands and semi-open habitats. The species epithet subalutacea derives from Latin for 'somewhat leather-colored,' referencing the cap's pale tan to buff coloration distinguishing it from more purely white or grey species in the genus. It fruits in autumn among leaf litter in deciduous and mixed forests, occasionally in grassy woodland clearings, acting as a saprotrophic decomposer of accumulated organic matter. The fruiting body structure is characteristic of Clitocybe: a shallowly depressed to funnel-shaped cap, crowded decurrent gills, and a slender cylindrical stipe. Microscopic spore morphology and chemical reactions assist in confirming identity in this taxonomically complex genus. Like most Clitocybe species, C. subalutacea contributes to decomposer communities in temperate forests, where the collective activity of many fungal species drives litter breakdown and nutrient release, underpinning forest productivity and soil health across European woodland ecosystems.

Epaulard

イルカ科で最大の種であるシャチ（Orcinus orca）は体長最大9メートル、体重6トンに達し、北極から南極まですべての海洋に生息しています。独特の方言、狩猟戦略、集団間で異なる文化的伝統を持つ母系ポッドで生活する頂点捕食者です。一部の集団は魚類を、他の集団は海洋哺乳類を専門に捕食します。天敵はなく、シャチは生息するすべての海洋食物連鎖の頂点に位置します。