Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat vs

Sturnira koopmanhilli compared with Chrysochromulina strobilus

Key Differences

• Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat is Data Deficient while is Not Evaluated.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat
Kingdom	Animalia (動物)	Chromista (クロミスタ)
Phylum	Chordata (脊索動物)	Haptophyta (ハプト藻)
Class	Mammalia (哺乳類)	Prymnesiophyceae (Prymnesiophyceae)
Order	Chiroptera (翼手目)	Prymnesiales (Prymnesiales)
Family	Phyllostomidae	Chrysochromulinaceae
Genus	Sturnira	Chrysochromulina
Species	Sturnira koopmanhilli	Chrysochromulina strobilus

Conservation Status

Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat

DD — Data Deficient

NE — Not Evaluated

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat

Habitat

Typically found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Range

Distributed across Colombia and Ecuador.

Habitat

Native to Europe, inhabiting ecosystems characteristic of the region.

Range

Distributed across Norway and Sweden.

Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat

The Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli) is a medium-sized frugivorous bat in the family Phyllostomidae, endemic to the Chocó biogeographic region of northwestern South America, where it occurs in the humid forests of the Pacific slope of Colombia and adjacent Ecuador. It belongs to the genus Sturnira — the yellow-shouldered bats — characterised by males bearing distinctive yellowish, orange, or reddish shoulder glands (from which the group's name derives), robust bodies, and rounded ears. Like all Sturnira, this species is primarily frugivorous, consuming a wide range of small, soft fruits from pioneer and forest trees, and plays an important role as a seed disperser in disturbed forest patches and forest edges. The diet of Solanaceae (nightshade family) fruits is particularly typical of the genus, and Sturnira bats are considered the primary dispersers of many pioneer Solanum species in Neotropical secondary succession, contributing directly to forest regeneration. The IUCN classifies the Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat as Data Deficient, reflecting significant uncertainty about the species' distribution limits, population size, and ecological requirements. The Chocó region continues to experience rapid deforestation, which threatens frugivorous bat diversity even where individual species lack adequate data for formal threat assessment.

Chrysochromulina strobilus is a marine haptophyte microalga in the family Prymnesiaceae. The specific epithet strobilus (Greek/Latin: pine cone or spinning top) likely references the conical arrangement of scales on the cell surface or the overall cell shape observed under microscopy. Like all members of the genus, C. strobilus is biflagellate and bears a haptonema, the defining appendage of the class Haptophyta. The organic scales covering the cell exterior are of species-specific morphology, serving as the primary character for species-level identification. C. strobilus inhabits marine photic-zone environments, with records from northern European and Scandinavian coastal waters. Chrysochromulina species collectively constitute a significant fraction of marine nanoplankton biomass and contribute to carbon fixation, dissolved organic matter production, and the microbial food web. Some congeners produce dimethylsulfoniopropionate and haemolytic toxins relevant to sulfur cycling and harmful algal events, respectively. The IUCN has not assessed the conservation status of C. strobilus, and it is classified as Not Evaluated. Its global distribution and population structure remain subjects of ongoing environmental survey and molecular studies.