ムナグロマンゴーハチドリ vs Clover Dodder

Anthracothorax nigricollis compared with Cuscuta epithymum

Key Differences

ムナグロマンゴーハチドリ is Least Concern while Clover Dodder is Endangered.

Taxonomic Classification

Rank	ムナグロマンゴーハチドリ	Clover Dodder
Kingdom	Animalia (動物)	Plantae (植物)
Phylum	Chordata (脊索動物)	Magnoliophyta (被子植物門)
Class	Aves (鳥類)	Magnoliopsida (モクレン綱)
Order	Apodiformes (アマツバメ目)	Solanales (ナス目)
Family	Trochilidae	Convolvulaceae
Genus	Anthracothorax	Cuscuta
Species	Anthracothorax nigricollis	Cuscuta epithymum

Conservation Status

ムナグロマンゴーハチドリ

LC — Least Concern

Clover Dodder

EN — Endangered

Physical Characteristics

Attribute	ムナグロマンゴーハチドリ	Clover Dodder
Diet	—	—
Average Lifespan	—	—
Average Length	—	—
Average Weight	—	—

Habitat & Geographic Range

ムナグロマンゴーハチドリ

Habitat

Typically found in various aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.

Range

Distributed across Colombia, Ecuador, Norway, and Venezuela.

Clover Dodder

Habitat

Found across multiple habitat types including tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, montane grasslands and shrublands, and Mediterranean forests and woodlands, among 8 distinct biome types spanning the Afrotropic and Neotropic and Palearctic realms. Populations are also found in montane and highland environments at higher elevations.

Range

Widely distributed across Africa (South Africa), Europe (9 countries), North America (Canada, United States), Oceania and the Pacific (Australia), and South America (Argentina, Venezuela). Currently classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, this species faces significant conservation challenges across its range.

ムナグロマンゴーハチドリ

クロノドマンゴーハチドリ（Anthracothorax nigricollis）は、メキシコ南部からアルゼンチンにかけての熱帯林に生息する大型で目立つハチドリです。顕著な性的二形を示し、オスは輝く黒い喉と胸に紫・緑の脇腹と太い紫色の尾が特徴的で、メスは胸の中央に黒い縞が入る白い下面を持ちます。開花する木を積極的に守り、新熱帯区全域で軽度懸念に分類されています。

Clover Dodder

Clover dodder (Cuscuta epithymum) is a parasitic flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, a leafless, twining vine that obtains all its water and nutrients from host plants via haustoria — specialized penetrating organs that connect to host vascular tissue. The species is almost entirely dependent on its hosts throughout its life, with only brief photosynthetic activity during germination before establishing parasitic connections. C. epithymum parasitizes a wide range of host species including clover (Trifolium), gorse (Ulex), heathers (Erica, Calluna), thyme (Thymus), and other plants in open heathland, grassland, and scrub habitats. The stems are thread-like, yellowish-pink or reddish, and support clusters of small white to pale pink flowers. Originally widespread across Europe, Asia, North Africa, and the Americas, the species has declined significantly in many parts of its range due to agricultural intensification, herbicide application, grassland conversion, and loss of semi-natural heathlands. It is currently listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, reflecting population decline across its European core range. Conservation of C. epithymum requires the maintenance of unimproved, low-nutrient grasslands and heathlands that support its diverse host plant communities. The species is recorded from Africa, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America, though populations in some regions represent introductions associated with contaminated legume seed lots.