Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra

The Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra is a tundra ecoregion located in the Nearctic biogeographic realm, covering North America north of the tropics, including Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico, spanning approximately 106,663 km². Classified under the WWF ecoregion code NA1117, this region represents a distinct ecological community shaped by its unique combination of climate, geography, and evolutionary history.

Climate and Vegetation

This ecoregion experiences extremely cold with long winters, short cool summers, and very low precipitation. The dominant vegetation consists of mosses, lichens, sedges, and dwarf shrubs growing on permafrost soils. These conditions create the foundation for the ecological communities found within the Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra.

Ecological Significance

Tundra ecosystems are among the most fragile on Earth, with slow-growing vegetation and species adapted to extreme cold. Migratory caribou, Arctic foxes, and snowy owls are emblematic tundra species. The Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra contributes to the broader biodiversity patterns of the Nearctic realm.

Conservation

Like many tundra ecosystems, the Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra faces threats from permafrost thaw, oil and gas extraction, and rapid Arctic warming. Conservation efforts in this ecoregion focus on habitat preservation, sustainable land management, and protecting corridors that connect fragmented habitat patches.